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school > chapter 3- water and life + homeostasis > Flashcards

chapter 3- water and life + homeostasis Flashcards

1
Q

what does hypertonic mean

A

low water concentration and high solute concentration

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2
Q

what does hypotonic mean

A

high water concentrations and low solute concentration

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3
Q

what is the link between hypotonic solutions and cell walls

A

cell walls protect the cell from rupturing when placed in a hypotonic solution
by osmosis the water would enters and the cell would swell and burst
(animal cells will rupture when left in water)

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4
Q

what are four (4) properties of water that contribute to life on earth

A

cohesive behaviour
ability to moderate temperature
expansion upon freezing
versatility as a solvent

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5
Q

what is cohesion

A

h bonds holding water molecules together

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6
Q

what is adhesion

A

attraction between different substances (ex. water and cell wall)

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7
Q

what is surface tension

A

measure of how hard it is to break the surface of a liquid

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8
Q

explain water’s surface tension

A

water’s surface tension is weirdly high due to the h bonds between the surface molecules and the lower molecules

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9
Q

characteristics of water regarding temperature

A

absorbs heat from warm air
releases heat to cold air
can absorb and release heat with little change to its own temperature

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10
Q

what happens temperature wise when you break the h bonds in water

A

it heats the water and cools the air

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11
Q

what happens temperature wise when you form the h bonds in water

A

cools water and heats the air

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12
Q

what is water called due to its regulation of temperature (give ex of other similar substance)

A

temperature buffer
blood also does this

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13
Q

what is thermal energy

A

the kinetic energy associated with the random motion of molecules

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14
Q

what is temperature

A

measure of energy that represents the average kinetic energy of molecules

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15
Q

what is heat

A

transfer of thermal energy from one body of matter to another

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16
Q

what is a calorie

A

amount of heat required to raise temperature of 1g of water by 1C (celsius)

17
Q

how much is 1 joule in cal

A

1 J = 0.239 cal
1 cal = 4.184 J

18
Q

what is specific heat

A

amount of heat that must be absorbed or released to get 1g of a substance to gain/lose 1 celsius

19
Q

water’s specific heat

A

4.18 J/gC (high)

20
Q

what is heat of vaporization

A

heat a liquid must absorb for 1g to be converted to gas

21
Q

what is evaporative cooling

A

as a liquid evaporates its remaining surface cools (stabilizes temperature)

22
Q

what are water’s characteristics concerning density

A

water is the densest at 4C
at 0C ice expands and gains density
ice is less dense than water (more ordered/stable h bonds) so it floats instead of sinking (which would kill every living thing)

23
Q

what is the hydration shell

A

water molecules covering ions and molecules when they are put in water

24
Q

how does water dissolve nonpolar molecules

A

if the molecule has ionic/polar sections the hydration shell will start dissolving it there

25
Q

what is a dynamic equilibrium

A

equilibrium where components constantly change between reactants and products

26
Q

range of pH in biological fluids

A

6-8
blood 7.35-7.45

27
Q

what is a buffer

A

weak acid + conjugate base
minimizes changes in pH

28
Q

what is ocean acidification

A

oceans absorb CO2 generated by humans forming carbonic acid = oceans are more acidic

29
Q

result of ocean acidification

A

unbalance in chemical balance of oceans, rivers and lakes
threatens coral reefs

30
Q

what is homeostasis

A

maintenance of the internal balance for physical and chemical properties

31
Q

what is homeostasis also called

A

dynamic equilibrium

32
Q

does homeostasis eliminate changes

A

no it moderates them

33
Q

what is the process of homeostasis

A

fluctuations from the set point act as stimulus which is detected by receptors
this triggers a response that will help return to the set point/normal range

34
Q

what is the set point/normal range

A

the point/range were the homeostasis is achieved and everything is balanced

35
Q

what is negative feedback

A

control mechanism that reduces a disturbance/stimulus

36
Q

what is positive feedback

A

control mechanism that amplifies a disturbance/stimulus

37
Q

what is the goal of positive feedback

A

to drive a process to completion

38
Q

what is acclimatization

A

when an animal temporarily remodels itself in response to drastic environmental changes (not adaptation/evolution)

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