epithelial and nervous tissue (2a)

Question 1

what is a tissue

Answer 1

a group of cell similar in function that work together to perform one or more specific functions

Question 2

what are the basic types of tissues

Answer 2

connective
muscle
nervous
epithelial

Question 3

what is epithelial tissue also called

Answer 3

epithelium

Question 4

what are the characteristics of epithelial tissue

Answer 4

cells are close together
form sheets
have apical and basal surfaces
avascular (no blood vessels)
will regenerate easily if well nourished

Question 5

what is the apical surface

Answer 5

surface that faces the exterior or a space
can be smooth or have cilia

Question 6

what is the basal surface

Answer 6

faces connective tissue/basement membrane

Question 7

where is epithelial tissue found

Answer 7

skin
lining of ventral body cavities
surface lining of internal organs
innermost lining of ducts, vessels and tubes
glands

Question 8

what are the main functions of epithelial tissue based on thickness

Answer 8

thick layers: protection
thin layers: absorption, filtration, excretion, secretion
sensory reception

Question 9

what is the structure of epithelial tissue and what does it help

Answer 9

continuous sheets
cells are attached by tight junctions and desmosomes
allows cells to coordinate the movement of the tissue

Question 10

what are the characteristics of tight junctions and desmosomes

Answer 10

tight junctions: interlocking proteins, prevents molecules from passing through
desmosomes: velcro

Question 11

what is the basement membrane

Answer 11

connective tissue made of basal and reticular lamina
attached to the basal surface

Question 12

what is the reticular lamina made of

Answer 12

collagen fibers

Question 13

what are the functions of the basement membrane

Answer 13

reinforces the epithelial sheet
resists stretching and tearing

Question 14

if epithelial cells are avascular how do they get nutrients

Answer 14

diffusion for gases
facilitative diffusion for molecules (glucose)

Question 15

what are the methods of classifying epithelium

Answer 15

number of cell layers
shape

Question 16

what are the names for the layers of epithelium

Answer 16

simple: single layer
stratified: multiple layers

Question 17

what are the types of epithelium shapes

Answer 17

squamous: flat
cuboidal: cube
columnar: column

Question 18

what are the eight types of epithelium and their functions

Answer 18

simple squamous
simple cuboidal
simple columnar
pseudostratified columnar
^ filtration, secretion, absorption ^
stratified squamous
stratified cuboidal
stratified solumnar
transitional epithelium
^ protection ^

Question 19

simple squamous structure, location and function

Answer 19

single layer of flat cells
lines heart and lung’s air sacs, walls of capillaries, forms serous membrane
diffusion, filtration, secretion

Question 20

subclassification of simple squamous

Answer 20

endothelium: blood & lymphatic vessels and heart chambers lining
mesothelium: serous membranes in ventral cavity

Question 21

simple cuboidal structure, location and function

Answer 21

single layer of cubes
walls of kidney tubules, glands, ducts, surface of ovaries
absorption and secretion

Question 22

simple columnar structure, location and function

Answer 22

single layer of columns, can contain goblet cells or cilia
digestive tract lining, uterine tubes, bronchi
secretion, absorption, ciliated cells move mucus

Question 23

what is the function of a goblet cell

Answer 23

to secret mucus

Question 24

pseudostratified columnar structure, location and function

Answer 24

single layer of columns, different sizes look stratified but all cells are on the basement membrane
trachea & upper respiratory tract (cilia) vas deferens
secretion and absorption

Question 25

stratified squamous structure, location and function

Answer 25

squamous on apical surface, lower layers dont have to be squamous outer lining of skin, moist lining (mouth/esophagus) protection

Question 26

what happens to stratified squamous epithelium cells as they reach the surface of skin

Answer 26

they become coated in keratin which makes them waterproof theyre dead

Question 27

how is the thickness of the stratified squamous epithelium determined

Answer 27

by how much friction is present in that area, becomes thicker with more use

Question 28

stratified cuboidal and columnar structure, location and function

Answer 28

cuboidal: usually two layers of cubes columnar: apical cells are columns, other layers can be wtv ducts of large glands (sweat) protection

Question 29

transitional epithelium structure, location and function

Answer 29

shape depends on stretch, basal cells are cubes or columns lining of hollow urinary systems stretch and return to original shape

Question 30

what is glandular epithelia

Answer 30

tissue that makes and secrets an aqueous fluid glands

Question 31

what are the classifications of glands and what are they

Answer 31

endocrine: internally secreting (hormones) exocrine: externally secreting (oil, sweat) unicellular (goblet) multicellular (salivary)

Question 32

how do exocrine glands work

Answer 32

they secrete their products into ducts that can empty on the body surface, spaces in organs or body cavity

Question 33

how do endocrine glands work

Answer 33

hormones secreted diffuse directly into the blood stream

Question 34

where is nervous tissue found

Answer 34

in the brain, spinal cord and nerves

Question 35

what is the function of nervous tissue

Answer 35

regulates and controls body functions receives stimuli, integrates info and responds to it

Question 36

what are the types of cells in nervous tissue and what do they do

Answer 36

neuron: generate and transmit nerve impulses between parts of the nervous system neuroglia: support, nourish and protect neurons