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school > chapter 4- carbon and molecular diversity > Flashcards

chapter 4- carbon and molecular diversity Flashcards

1
Q

is the carbon skeleton functional

A

no it is inert, simply a backbone

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2
Q

what is vitalism

A

belief in a life force outside of physical and chemical laws

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3
Q

what is mechanism

A

belief that physical and chemical laws controls all natural phenomena

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4
Q

what is the molecular formula of methane

A

CH4

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5
Q

what is the molecular formula of ethane

A

C2H6

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6
Q

what is the molecular formula of ethene/ethylene

A

C2H4

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7
Q

what makes the C O H N elements good to be the building code of living molecules

A

their valence electrons
carbon: the fact that its not too electronegative (wont keep electrons for itself)

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8
Q

what can vary in the carbon skeleton

A

length
branching vs not branching
presence of rings
position of double bonds

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9
Q

what are hydrocarbons

A

molecules made of carbon and hydrogens only

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10
Q

what can hydrocarbons do

A

can undergo reactions that release a large amount of energy

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11
Q

what are adipose cells

A

cells that store fat droplets (triglyceride) in vacuole

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12
Q

what are isomers

A

compounds that have the same molecular formula but different properties and structures

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13
Q

what are structural isomers

A

atoms are bonded at different places

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14
Q

what are geometric isomers

A

have the same bonds but different spacial arrangement
cis-trans arrangement

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15
Q

what does cis arrangement mean

A

the atoms are on the same side of the double bond

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16
Q

what does trans arrangement mean

A

the atoms are on opposite sides of the double bond

17
Q

what are enantiomers

A

molecules that are mirror images of eachother

18
Q

enantiomer characteristics

A

may have different effects in body
usually only one is biologically active

19
Q

how to differentiate between R and S enantiomers

A

thumb of left (S) and right (R) hand points to lowest priority atom (usually H)

20
Q

why do two enantiomers affect the body differently

A

the body has receptors that are specific to molecules and the enantiomers wont bind to the same receptors (body can differentiate between isomers)

21
Q

what do the properties of organic molecules depend on

A

carbon skeleton
molecular groups attached to it

22
Q

what are functional groups

A

components of organic molecules involved in chemical reactions

23
Q

characteristics of hydroxyl group (3)

A

in alcohols, carbs and sugars
polar (allows for hydration shell)
OH

24
Q

how do we determine the solubility of a molecule that is a long chain of carbons and a hydroxyl group

A

solubility decreases as the carbon chain increases

25
Q

characteristics of carbonyl group (3)

A

in sugars
subsections: ketone and aldehyde
C=O

26
Q

what are ketoses

A

sugars that contain ketone groups
C double bonded to O in the middle of the molecule

27
Q

what are aldoses

A

sugars that contain aldehydes
C double bonded to O and H at the end of the molecule

28
Q

characteristics of carboxyl group (3)

A

acts as acid
polar
O=C-OH

29
Q

characteristics of amino group (3)

A

acts as base
can pick up H+ from environment
NH2

30
Q

characteristics of sulfhydryl group (3)

A

only in proteins
can be used to stabilize protein structures
SH

31
Q

characteristics of phosphate group (4)

A

found in nucleic acids and membranes
give negative charge
allow molecule to react with water
OPO3 ^2-

32
Q

characteristics of methyl group (5)

A

most inert
more methyl sticking out = less water soluble
affects expression of genes when on dna or proteins bound to dna
affects shape and function of sex hormones
CH3

33
Q

what does atp stand for and what is it made up off

A

adenosine triphosphate
adenosine + 3 phosphate groups

34
Q

function of atp

A

stores potential energy that is released when phosphate groups break off

35
Q

how does atp become energy

A

atp -> reacts with water -> adp + inorganic phosphate (not attached to carbon) + energy

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