lecture 7- cell part b

Question 1

where is the nucleolus

Answer 1

in the nucleus

Question 2

what is the function of the nucleolus

Answer 2

production and assembly of ribosome components

Question 3

does the nucleolus have a membrane

Answer 3

no, seen as dark spot in the nucleus

Question 4

what is the function of ribosomes

Answer 4

protein synthesis

Question 5

what are the two locations of ribosomes

Answer 5

free floating in cytoplasm
attached to rough ER

Question 6

where are the proteins made by free floating ribosomes going to be used

Answer 6

used in the cell

Question 7

what is an example of proteins made by free floating ribosomes

Answer 7

cytoskeleton fibers

Question 8

what are the proteins made by RER ribosomes used for

Answer 8

stored and released when needed

Question 9

example of proteins made by RER ribosomes

Answer 9

lysosomes enzymes

Question 10

what are the three types of cytoskeleton

Answer 10

microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

Question 11

what is the function of the cytoskeleton

Answer 11

support and give cells shape
can extend and contract to allow cell to change shape

Question 12

characteristics of microtubules

Answer 12

thickest of cytoskeleton
hollow

Question 13

functions of microtubules

Answer 13

give rigidity to cell
transport

Question 14

how do microtubules aid in transport

Answer 14

in cell: using atp moving vesicles across cell on the microtubules
cilia and flagella for cell mobility
chromosome transportation during cell division

Question 15

characteristics of centrosome

Answer 15

non membranous
pair of centrioles at a right angle from each other

Question 16

what is the structure of centrioles

Answer 16

three microtubules packs arranged in a star shape

Question 17

what is the function of the centrosome

Answer 17

organization of microtubules
moves chromosomes during cell division

Question 18

what is a flagella

Answer 18

used for movement
few and long

Question 19

what are cilia

Answer 19

used for movement
short and numerous

Question 20

what are cilia and flagella made of

Answer 20

microtubules

Question 21

characteristics of intermediate filaments

Answer 21

smaller than microtubules
larger than microfilaments
each type is constructed from different protein subunits

Question 22

what is the function of intermediate filaments

Answer 22

maintaining cell shape
(don’t bind to atp or act as tracks for transport)

Question 23

what are microfilaments

Answer 23

strings of actin (2 chains)
-muscle cells stretching and contracting

Question 24

what are the functions of the microfilaments

Answer 24

maintaining cell shape
cell movement (muscle cell contracting)

Question 25

what are the functions of the extracellular matrix

Answer 25

holds cell together helps regulate cell behaviour cell signaling cell receptors

Question 26

what is the extracellular matrix made of

Answer 26

gel like substance made of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins

Question 27

what are the functions of the contractile vacuole

Answer 27

exports excess water from inside the cell maintains cytoplasmic concentration of chemicals

Question 28

what do animal cells have that plant cells don't have

Answer 28

centrioles

Question 29

what is the function of the cell wall

Answer 29

supports cell rigidity prevents water loss

Question 30

what is the cell wall made of and what is that molecule made of

Answer 30

cellulose structural polysaccharide

Question 31

what is plasmodesmata

Answer 31

pores in the cell wall

Question 32

what do plasmodesmata allow

Answer 32

movement of fluids between cells (small solutes and water) directly connect cytoplasm of two cells

Question 33

what is the function of the central vacuole

Answer 33

supports cell storing compounds disposing of metabolic waste (would endanger cell if left in cytoplasm)

Question 34

characteristics of central vacuole

Answer 34

90% of plant cell volume helps maintain turgor site of storage for various products and waste

Question 35

what is turgor

Answer 35

organelles being pushed towards the membrane more robust cell due to vacuole being filled with water

Question 36

what is stored in the vacuole

Answer 36

proteins, inorganic ions, pigments and defensive compounds (protect plant against herbivores)

Question 37

function of chloroplast

Answer 37

photosynthesis

Question 38

characteristics of chloroplast

Answer 38

found in green parts of plant contain pigment chlorophyll (traps light for photosynthesis) double membrane asexual reproduction dna have own set of ribosomes

Question 39

how is cell specialization determined

Answer 39

by which genes are activated

Question 40

which percent of genes are used in a cell

Answer 40

20

Question 41

are virus alive and why or why not

Answer 41

no they're not alive not cells don't have seven properties of life

Question 42

what does it mean to be an obligate intracellular parasite

Answer 42

need to go into a cell to reproduce and carry out metabolic activities

Question 43

what do viruses consist of

Answer 43

dna or rna proteins

Question 44

can viruses make their own proteins

Answer 44

no don't have ribosomes

Question 45

why are viruses host specific

Answer 45

they have specific receptors where they bind

Question 46

what are examples of host specific viruses

Answer 46

measles: skin cells HIV: immune cells (white blood cells)

Question 47

when a virus binds to a receptor what does it do

Answer 47

enters the cell or injects its nucleic acid into it

Question 48

if the virus goes into the cell what does it do

Answer 48

takes over the cell's machinery using viral genes to start making other viruses

Question 49

what happens when the virus enters or injects its nucleic acid in to the cell

Answer 49

the protein coat is released and the viral nucleic acid will replicate

Question 50

once the viral nucleic acid and protein coat are made what happens

Answer 50

virus is assembled and released

Question 51

what happens to the host cell when the viruses are done replicating

Answer 51

it gets killed which releases the virus to go infect more cells