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school > lecture 7- cell part b > Flashcards

lecture 7- cell part b Flashcards

1
Q

where is the nucleolus

A

in the nucleus

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2
Q

what is the function of the nucleolus

A

production and assembly of ribosome components

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3
Q

does the nucleolus have a membrane

A

no, seen as dark spot in the nucleus

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4
Q

what is the function of ribosomes

A

protein synthesis

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5
Q

what are the two locations of ribosomes

A

free floating in cytoplasm
attached to rough ER

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6
Q

where are the proteins made by free floating ribosomes going to be used

A

used in the cell

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7
Q

what is an example of proteins made by free floating ribosomes

A

cytoskeleton fibers

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8
Q

what are the proteins made by RER ribosomes used for

A

stored and released when needed

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9
Q

example of proteins made by RER ribosomes

A

lysosomes enzymes

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10
Q

what are the three types of cytoskeleton

A

microtubules
intermediate filaments
microfilaments

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11
Q

what is the function of the cytoskeleton

A

support and give cells shape
can extend and contract to allow cell to change shape

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12
Q

characteristics of microtubules

A

thickest of cytoskeleton
hollow

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13
Q

functions of microtubules

A

give rigidity to cell
transport

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14
Q

how do microtubules aid in transport

A

in cell: using atp moving vesicles across cell on the microtubules
cilia and flagella for cell mobility
chromosome transportation during cell division

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15
Q

characteristics of centrosome

A

non membranous
pair of centrioles at a right angle from each other

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16
Q

what is the structure of centrioles

A

three microtubules packs arranged in a star shape

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17
Q

what is the function of the centrosome

A

organization of microtubules
moves chromosomes during cell division

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18
Q

what is a flagella

A

used for movement
few and long

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19
Q

what are cilia

A

used for movement
short and numerous

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20
Q

what are cilia and flagella made of

A

microtubules

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21
Q

characteristics of intermediate filaments

A

smaller than microtubules
larger than microfilaments
each type is constructed from different protein subunits

22
Q

what is the function of intermediate filaments

A

maintaining cell shape
(don’t bind to atp or act as tracks for transport)

23
Q

what are microfilaments

A

strings of actin (2 chains)
-muscle cells stretching and contracting

24
Q

what are the functions of the microfilaments

A

maintaining cell shape
cell movement (muscle cell contracting)

25
Q

what are the functions of the extracellular matrix

A

holds cell together
helps regulate cell behaviour
cell signaling
cell receptors

26
Q

what is the extracellular matrix made of

A

gel like substance made of carbohydrates and fibrous proteins

27
Q

what are the functions of the contractile vacuole

A

exports excess water from inside the cell
maintains cytoplasmic concentration of chemicals

28
Q

what do animal cells have that plant cells don’t have

A

centrioles

29
Q

what is the function of the cell wall

A

supports cell
rigidity
prevents water loss

30
Q

what is the cell wall made of and what is that molecule made of

A

cellulose
structural polysaccharide

31
Q

what is plasmodesmata

A

pores in the cell wall

32
Q

what do plasmodesmata allow

A

movement of fluids between cells (small solutes and water)
directly connect cytoplasm of two cells

33
Q

what is the function of the central vacuole

A

supports cell
storing compounds
disposing of metabolic waste (would endanger cell if left in cytoplasm)

34
Q

characteristics of central vacuole

A

90% of plant cell volume
helps maintain turgor
site of storage for various products and waste

35
Q

what is turgor

A

organelles being pushed towards the membrane
more robust cell
due to vacuole being filled with water

36
Q

what is stored in the vacuole

A

proteins, inorganic ions, pigments and defensive compounds (protect plant against herbivores)

37
Q

function of chloroplast

A

photosynthesis

38
Q

characteristics of chloroplast

A

found in green parts of plant
contain pigment chlorophyll (traps light for photosynthesis)
double membrane
asexual reproduction
dna
have own set of ribosomes

39
Q

how is cell specialization determined

A

by which genes are activated

40
Q

which percent of genes are used in a cell

A

20

41
Q

are virus alive and why or why not

A

no they’re not alive
not cells
don’t have seven properties of life

42
Q

what does it mean to be an obligate intracellular parasite

A

need to go into a cell to reproduce and carry out metabolic activities

43
Q

what do viruses consist of

A

dna or rna
proteins

44
Q

can viruses make their own proteins

A

no
don’t have ribosomes

45
Q

why are viruses host specific

A

they have specific receptors where they bind

46
Q

what are examples of host specific viruses

A

measles: skin cells
HIV: immune cells (white blood cells)

47
Q

when a virus binds to a receptor what does it do

A

enters the cell or injects its nucleic acid into it

48
Q

if the virus goes into the cell what does it do

A

takes over the cell’s machinery using viral genes to start making other viruses

49
Q

what happens when the virus enters or injects its nucleic acid in to the cell

A

the protein coat is released and the viral nucleic acid will replicate

50
Q

once the viral nucleic acid and protein coat are made what happens

A

virus is assembled and released

51
Q

what happens to the host cell when the viruses are done replicating

A

it gets killed which releases the virus to go infect more cells

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