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Criminal Justice 270- Intro to Criminology > Chapter 9 > Flashcards

Chapter 9 Flashcards

1
Q

What is a theory?

A

a set of propositions

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2
Q

The value of a theory it:

  • explains ________ of criminal behavior (onset)
  • explains ___________ of crime (distribution)
  • explains _________ of criminal acts (outcome)
A

etiology
epidemiology
occurrence

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3
Q

The value of a theory it:

  • explains etiology of criminal behavior (______)
  • explains epidemiology of crime (___________)
  • explains occurrence of criminal acts (_______)
A

onset
distribution
outcome

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4
Q

What are the type of theories focused on the etiology of crime?

A

biological and psychological theories

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5
Q

What are the type of theories focused on the epidemiology of crime?

A

sociological theories

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6
Q

What are the “theories of crime events”?

A

why a particular incident occurred at a particular place and time?

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7
Q

What is criminality?

A

recurrent patterns of one’s criminal propensity

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8
Q

What is situational crime prevention?

A

how to make your property less attractive, accessible, available, and portable for potential offenders

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9
Q

Most criminologists focus on ________, and there has been a growing interest in situational crime prevention strategies in the last two decades.

A

criminality

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10
Q

Most criminologists focus on criminality, and there has been a growing interest in __________ ______ _________ strategies in the last two decades.

A

situational crime prevention

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11
Q

What are the three paradigms (or schools) or criminological thought?

A

(1) Classical School
(2) Positivist School
(3) Radical/Conflict School

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12
Q

According to the classical school; what produces human behavior?

A

free will and rational choice

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13
Q

According to the classical school; what guides human behavior?

A

the pursuit of pleasure and the avoidance of pain

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14
Q

According to the classical school; what is the solution to crime?

A

to design a system of swift, certain, and severe punishments in order to make crime look unattractive

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15
Q

The positivist school of criminology emerged from the works of people like?

A

Charles Darwin

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16
Q

What is the difference between “soft” and “hard” determinism?

A

“soft determinism” states that very little outside forces affect one’s free will.
“hard” determinism states that virtually no free will, but influence from outside factors.

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17
Q

Determinism can be based on _________, psychological, sociological, economic, or environmental factors.

A

biological

18
Q

Determinism can be based on biological, ___________, sociological, economic, or environmental factors.

A

psychological

19
Q

Determinism can be based on biological, psychological, __________, economic, or environmental factors.

A

sociological

20
Q

Determinism can be based on biological, psychological, sociological, _________, or environmental factors.

A

economic

21
Q

Determinism can be based on biological, psychological, sociological, economic, or ___________ factors.

A

environmental

22
Q

Radical/Conflict School focuses on the relationship between _____ and the wider structure of a _______.

A

crime

society

23
Q

According to Radical/Conflict School; why is crime an inevitable consequence?

A

crime as an inevitable consequence of the unequal distribution of power and wealth in class-based societies

24
Q

According to Radical/Conflict School; how is crime socially constructed?

A

social reality of crime is socially constructed to legitimize the predatory acts of the powerful and criminalize these same actions by lower class members

25
Q

According to Radical/Conflict School; how are socially disadvantaged (i.e. ethnic/racial minorities, women, the poor) groups viewed?

A

as victims

26
Q

Radical/Conflict School addresses the relationship between _____ _________ and _____.

A

free enterprise

crime

27
Q

Radical/Conflict School addresses the role that __________ plays in the _________ of crime.

A

government

construction

28
Q

Radical/Conflict School addresses the sources of __________ and __________ biases within the ________ _______ system.

A

systematic
institutional
criminal justice

29
Q

Which school of criminology is the most recent?

A

Radical/Conflict School

30
Q

Which type of school of criminology is this: try hard enough and you can overcome?

A

Classical School

31
Q

Which type of school of criminology is this: free-choice?

A

Classical School

32
Q

Which type of school of criminology is this: determinism?

A

Positivist School

33
Q

Which type of school of criminology is this: sort of the underdog criminology?

A

Radical/Conflict School

34
Q

Which type of school of criminology is this: also talk about determinism, but in an underdog approach?

A

Radical/Conflict School

35
Q

Is this “soft” or “hard” determinism: if you try hard “maybe” you can overcome societal obstacles

A

soft determinism

36
Q

Is this “soft” or “hard” determinism: no matter what you do you cannot overcome societal obstacles

A

hard determinism

37
Q

Which school of criminology is this: free choices made by free people

A

Classical School

38
Q

Which school of criminology is this: risks factors that we can measure

A

Positivist School

39
Q

Which school of criminology is this: develop a punishment to make crime an unattractive choice

A

Classical School

40
Q

Which school of criminology is this: understand what the risk factors are and apply them to crime control

A

Positivist School

41
Q

Which school of criminology is this: to understand criminal behavior (biological, sociological, psychological causes)

A

Positivist School

42
Q

Which school of criminology is this: extract and administer plan

A

Classical School

Criminal Justice 270- Intro to Criminology (47 decks)

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