Chapter 27: Capital Punishment Pt. 2 Flashcards

1
Q

Executions over the years: increased from the _____s through the _____s; dropped in the _____s until the ______s; increasing again until the ______s

A
1910s
1930s
1940s
1970s
1990s
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2
Q

In both 2011 and 2012, there were ___ executions in the U.S.

A

43

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3
Q

What are the major cases/rules on the death penalty (in the U.S.)?

A

(1) Furman vs. Georgia

2) Gregg vs Georgia (1976); Woodson vs North Carolina (1976); Roberts vs Lousiana (1976

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4
Q

What happened in the Furman vs. Georgia case?

A

rules that the death penalty was “cruel and unusual punishment” under the 8th and 14th Amendment

the court objected to this

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5
Q

What was the result of the Furman vs. Georgia case

A

voided the laws about the death penalty in 39 states and the District of Columbia

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6
Q

What happened in the Gregg vs Georgia (1976); Woodson vs North Carolina (1976); Roberts vs Lousiana (1976) case?

A

struck down the constitutionality of mandatory death penalties

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7
Q

Which states have the highest execution rates (around 2010)?

A

(1) Texas
(2) Oklahoma
(3) Arizona
(4) Mississippi
(5) Florida & Ohio
(6) South Dakota
(7) Delaware & Idaho

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8
Q

What are the top 5 states for executions in the Post-Furman era?

A

(1) Texas
(2) Virginia
(3) Oklahoma
(4) Florida
(5) Missouri

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9
Q

What is the largest numbers of death row inmates per state?

A

(1) California
(2) Florida
(3) Texas
(4) Pennsylvania

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10
Q

99% of persons executed in the U.S. form 1976 to 2012 were ____

A

men

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11
Q

35% of persons executed in the post-Furnman era were _____ and 7% were _______

A

black

Hispanic

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12
Q

56% of those executed in 2012 had been under a death sentence for at least ___ years

A

15

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13
Q

What are the primary methods for U.S. execution?

A

lethal injection, electrocution, and gas chamber

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14
Q

What is the difference between retentionist and abolitionist?

A

Retentionists- large group of people/organization that want to retain capital punishment

Abolitionists- large group of people/organization that want to abolish capital punishment

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15
Q

What are the type of issues that retentionist and abolitionists disagree on?

A

(1) Moral Issue
(2) Protection of Society
(3) Economic Costs
(4) Marginal Deterrence
(5) The Nature of Homicide
(6) Discriminatory Application
(7) Possibility of Error
(8) The Brutalization Effect

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16
Q

What is the moral stance of retentionist and abolitionists when it comes to the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- moral obligation of society to execute murderers; this also protects other prisoners and prison guards

Abolitionists- it hypocritical to murder murderers

17
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the protection of society when it comes to the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- pubic safety is not guaranteed by imprisonment

Abolitionists- maximum security prisons protect society from murderers

18
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the economic costs of the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- why pay all the money for life imprisonment

Abolitionists- it costs more to execute someone

19
Q

There is little to no evidence of _______ _________ when it comes to the death penalty.

A

marginal deterrence

20
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the marginal deterrence of the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- argue you cannot compare state;s because they differ on other characteristics that affect murder rates

Abolitionists- use the fact that, states with the death penalty often have a slightly higher murder rate than other states in their vicinity that don’t have the death penalty

21
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the nature of homicide in relation to the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- argue that 95% of homicides are impulsive and spontaneous acts, because capital punishment is deterring the planned and calculated murders

Abolitionists- capital punishment is not going to be a deterrent and should therefore be abolished

22
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the discriminatory application of the death penalty?

A

Retentionists- attributed disparities to outside factors other than overt racial biases

Abolitionists- wide disparity is due to racial discrimination against black offenders

23
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the possibility of error in the death penalty process?

A

Retentionists- the risks are extremely rare

Abolitionists-the risks are too high

24
Q

What is the stance of retentionist and abolitionists on the brutalization effect?

A

Retentionists- focus on the pre‐execution leveling of homicides as supporting evidence

Abolitionists- focus on the post-execution increase in homicides as evidence

25
Q

What is the Brutalization Effect?

A

suggests that homicides increase after state‐sponsored executions because these state executions serve to brutalize or cheapen human life

26
Q

There is no conclusive evidence to support either position __________ or __________.

A

retentionists

abolitionists

27
Q

What are some things that research still does not know about the capital punishment?

A

(1) whether capital punishment is a better marginal deterrent than life imprisonment
(2) whether most homicides are impulsive and/or spontaneous acts because the threat of the death penalty is deterring the more rational/planned killings
(3) whether post‐execution brutalization effects are cancelled out by pre‐execution deterrent effects

28
Q

Someone’s position about the death penalty ultimate winds down to what?

A

whether or not someone believes the state has the power to take someones life