Chapter 20: Rape and Other Sex Offenses Part 1 Flashcards
What was the original definition of forcible rape?
sexual intercourse or attempted sexual intercourse with a female against her will, by force or threat of force
What is the updated definition of forcible rape?
updated to the apply to both male and female as victims and offenders by calling them sexual assaults
What is sexual assault?
any acts forced sexual intercourse or contact regardless of the gender of the victim
What are the different types of sexual offenses?
(1) “hands-off” sex offenses
(2) “hands-on” sex offenses
What acts would be considered “hands-off” sex offenses?
(1) exhibitionism
(2) voyeurism
(3) possession/sale of pornography
What acts would be considered “hands-on” sex offenses?
(1) physical contact with the victim
(2) forcible rape
(3) sexual assaults
(4) acts of wed and lascivious conduct
(5) prostitution
What counts as sexual assaults of a minor?
child molesters
pedophiliac
statutory rapists
What counts as Intrafamilial sexual assaults?
incest
marital rape
Why are sexual assault crimes so poorly represented in the official crime data (UCR data) and victimization surveys (NCVS)?
due to the nature of the crime, many victims are unwilling to tell anyone about their victimization
Why do most sexual assault victims not report these crimes to police?
(1) feeling that they won’t be believed and that nothing will be done
(2) a fear of retaliation from the offender
(3) feelings of guilt and shame from being sexually molested
(4) a fear that people will blame them for their own victimization based on their own actions
Why are intrafamilial sexual assaults not reported?
the implications it can have on the family if it is reported
What are the 3 fundamental problems with prevalence estimates that derive from UCR data?
(1) only a very small fraction of all forcible rapes that occur are known to the police
(2) forcible rapes involving male victims are not included in these UCR estimates
(3) estimates of the number of other types of sex offenses are not provided in these annual reports of known offense
_______________________ + 41% of forcible rapes known to the police are cleared by an arrest= inaccurate representation of the actual profile of most sex offenders
the number of rapes not reported
the number of rapes not reported + ____________________ = inaccurate representation of the actual profile of most sex offenders
41% of forcible rapes known to the police are cleared by an arrest
the number of rapes not reported + 41% of forcible rapes known to the police are cleared by an arrest= ________________________
inaccurate representation of the actual profile of most sex offenders
What are the sexual assault trends according to UCR data?
rape offense rates increased in the 1970s until the early 1980s, rose again from 1985 to 1992, and have generally decreased since the early 1990s
Nationally, the number of reported rapes has decreased from about 109,000 in 1992 to 83,000 in 2011
What are the sexual assault trends according to NCVS data?
general downward trajectory across time (although this could be due to how the questions were worded)
What regions of the country have the highest rape rates?
Midwest, Southern, and Western
What regions of the country have the lowest rates of rape?
Northeast
What are the states with the highest rape rates?
(1) South Dakota
(2) Alaska
(3) Colorado
(4) Michigan
(5) Arkansas
Rape rates are higher in ______ than suburban and rural areas
cities
Rape rates are substantially higher in cities and neighborhoods characterized by?
(1) higher density of multi-unit dwellings
(2) renter-occupied housing
(3) economic disadvantage
(4) ethnic diversity
(5) population mobility
(6) single-parent households
What is the average look of a sex offender?
(1) males
(2) the young
(3) African-American
Males account for about ___% of the persons arrested for forcible rape.
99%
Males represent over ___% of the persons arrested for other sex offenses
90%
__________ is the only sex-related offense in which male arrestees are underrepresented
prostitution
___% of persons arrested for forcible rape are under 25 years old and about ___% are under 18 and 24
41%
14%
65% of arrested rapists are ______ and 33% are ______
White
Black
Why males may be more predisposed to sexual predation than females?
(1) issues of power and control
(2) patriarchal societies socialize boys to be aggressive, tough, and dominating
(3) males have higher levels of testosterone( along with higher impulsivity and lower self-control)