Chapter 11 Flashcards
Who is the founding member of the Positive School of Criminology?
Cesare Lombroso (1835)
Cesare Lombroso was an _______ ________ and former ________.
Italian positivist
surgeon
_______ _________ was an Italian positivist and former surgeon.
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso founded “________”.
atavists
_______ _________ founded “atavists”.
Cesare Lombroso
What is an “atavists”?
subhumans that were a biological throwback or reversion to our caveman ancestors
What are the characteristics of “atavists”?
(1) excessive hair
(2) huge foreheads
(3) big jaws
(4) swollen lips
(5) bull-leggedness
(6) hunch-backs
(7) flared nostrils
(8) asymmetrical face
(9) beady and deep-set eyes
Who did Lombroso take influence from?
Charles Darwin’s idea of origin of species
According to Lombroso, what are the three types of criminals?
(1) Born Criminal
(2) Insane Criminal
(3) Criminaloid
What is the born criminals’ characteristics?
exhibits the traits of “atavists”
What is the insane criminals’ characteristics?
low intelligence and serious psychological problems/degeneracy
What is the criminaloids’ characteristics?
- no physical stigmata or signs of psychological degeneracy
- engages in criminal behavior due to situational and environmental factors
What is the most common type of criminal, according to Lombroso?
criminaloid
_______ _________ was the first person to systematically develop the idea that “biological structure determines social function”.
Cesare Lombroso
Cesare Lombroso was the first person to systematically develop the idea that “__________ ________ determines _______ ________”.
biological structure
social function
Cesare Lombroso established the value of ______-_______ ___________ for criminal behavior by examining how a wide variety of social and environmental factors.
multi-faceted explanations
_______ _________ established the value of multi-faceted explanations for criminal behavior by examining how a wide variety of social and environmental factors.
Cesare Lombroso
Who were Cesare Lombroso’s students?
(1) Enrico Ferri (1856-1909)
(2) Raffaele Garofalo (1852-1934
What was Enrico Ferri’s major contributions?
- his critique of the classical notion of “free will”
- his scientific investigation of the interrelationships between social, economic, and political factors and crime
According to Ferri, what are three major criminogenic (crime causing) factors?
(1) physical environment
(2) anthropological attributes
(3) social factors
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri’s) physical environment of this?
an area’s structural attributes
climate/temperature
geographical location
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri’s) anthropological attributes of this?
- age
- sex
- race
- (bodily) physical structure
What are some examples (Enrico Ferri’s) social factors of this?
- population density
- cultural traditions
- religion
- nature of the government
- economic conditions
What are some of Enrico Ferri’s liberal ideas?
(1) free trade
(2) abolition of monopolies
(3) redistribution of wealth
(4) birth control
(5) freedom of divorce/marriage
(6) public assistance/recreation
________ ________ argued that society must eliminate those who have shown that they cannot adapt to civilized life.
Raffaele Garofalo
Raffaele Garofalo argued that society must ________ those who have shown that they cannot _____ to civilized life.
eliminate
adapt
________ _________ supported the death penalty or policies of segregation (deportation and/or isolation) to keep criminals from the gene pool.
Raffaele Garofalo
Raffaele Garofalo supported the ______ _______ or policies of __________ (deportation and/or isolation) to keep criminals from the gene pool.
death penalty
segregation
Raffaele Garofalo believed in ___________ __________.
psychological degeneracy
________ _________ believed in psychological degeneracy.
Raffaele Garofalo
According to Garofalo, what are the sources/determinants of crime?
(1) lower intellectual abilities
(2) psychological pathology/degeneracy
Aside from Lombroso, who was Raffaele Garofalo influenced by?
Darwin’s law of adaption and the principle of the survival of the fittest
Who referenced Garofalo’s work and views during World War II?
Nazi and Fascist regimes of Germany and Italy
Cesare Lombroso set into motion the idea that your _________ ________ determines crime.
biological structure
_______ _________ set into motion the idea that your biological structure determines crime.
Cesare Lombroso
According to Lombroso, biological structure determines ______ _______.
social function
____% of criminals have some type of psychological problem.
25%
Enrico Ferri believed in crime control through “______ _________”.
social betterment
______ _____ believed in crime control through “social betterment”.
Enrico Ferri
What two types of marriages did Enrico Ferri advocate?
(1) childless
(2) child with marriage
_______ countries tend to have high homicide rates.
Catholic
Why do Catholic countries tend to have high homicide rates?
Could be due to laws against divorce
Raffaelle Garofalo, believed in _______ _____ type of government, in which you let things take it’s course.
laissez faire
________ ________, believed in laissez faire type of government, in which you let things take it’s course.
Raffaelle Garofalo
Which of Lombroso’s students was into fascism?
Raffaelle Garofalo
Garofalo believed criminals were _____.
dumb
Garofalo argued for __________.
sterilization
Cesare Lombroso, Enrico Ferri, and Raffaelle Garofalo all believed in __________.
determinism
