Chapter 1

Question 1

The scientitfic approach to the study of criminal behavior

Answer 1

criminology

Question 2

What are the three general areas covered within criminology?

Answer 2

1. law making
2. law enforcement
3. law breaking

Question 3

Is this law making, law enforcement, or law breaking: Why are particular types of harmful behavior considered criminal
acts, but other types of harms are not illegal?

Answer 3

law making

Question 4

Is this law making, law enforcement, or law breaking: The responses to crime by police, prosecutors, judges, and other
officials within the criminal justice system

Answer 4

law enforcement

Question 5

Is this law making, law enforcement, or law breaking: The extent, causes, consequences, characteristics, motivations,
justifications for criminal behavior and its social and spatial distribution

Answer 5

law breaking

Question 6

Why are there differences in definitions of crime?

Answer 6

Differences in definitions of crime across jurisdictions

Question 7

What is the difference between the etiology and epidemiology of crime?

Answer 7

Etiology of crime refers to the “causes” of crime.

Epidemiology of crime refers to the social, spatial, and temporal distribution of crime

Question 8

What could classify as the biological causes (etiology) of crime?

Answer 8

Testosterone, Chemical imbalances

Question 9

What could classify as the psychological causes (etiology) of crime?

Answer 9

Low impulse control, inner conflicts, personality disorders

Question 10

What could classify as the sociological causes (etiology) of crime?

Answer 10

Environmental/Economic conditions, social bonds, and cultural differences

Question 11

What are the social aspects of the epidemiology of crime?

Answer 11

differences in distribution of crime based on social attributes like age, sex, race, education and income.

Question 12

What are the temporal distribution aspects of the epidemiology of crime?

Answer 12

variation over time, seasonality effects, and differences by day of the week and time of the day

Question 13

Good criminological theories must account for both the _________ of crime and the ___________ of crime.

Answer 13

etiology

epidemiology

Question 14

Why is it important to study crime?

Answer 14

1. personal relevance
2. employment opportunities
3. naive fascination (who done it?)

Question 15

About ___% of Americans will fall victim to violent crime and ___% to property crime..

Answer 15

50%

90%

Question 16

About 50% of Americans will fall victim to ______ crime and 90% to _______ crime..

Answer 16

violent

property

Question 17

At least ___ million are arrested for crime

Answer 17

20

Question 18

What are the steps of the scientific method according to criminal justice?

Answer 18

Step 1: Data Collection

Step 2: Data Analysis

Question 19

What are the various ways crime data is collected?

Answer 19

• Agency reports (i.e. police reports)

- Surveys of Victims and Offenders

Question 20

___%-___% of Americans make a living directly off of crime.

Answer 20

20

60

Question 21

Agency reports are also called _________ _____.

Answer 21

correctional data

Question 22

______ ______ are also called correctional data.

Answer 22

Agency reports

Question 23

Agency reports provide summaries on _____ _______ reports.

Answer 23

crime incident

Question 24

______ _______ provide summaries on crime incident reports.

Answer 24

Agency reports

Question 25

What is an example of a survey of victims?

Answer 25

The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)

Question 26

What are the various ways crime data is analyzed?

Answer 26

• Comparative/Historical Analysis

- Model/Descriptive Histories

Question 27

Comparative/Historical Analysis of crime are based on _____ _______, _____, and ______.

Answer 27

risk factors
rates
trends

Question 28

__________/_________ Analysis of crime are based on risk factors, rates, and trends.

Answer 28

Comparative

Historical

Question 29

Model/ Descriptive Arrest Histories Analysis of crime are based on _________, _________, and _________ of criminal behavior/trends.

Answer 29

persistence
escalation
desistance