Chapter 2

Question 1

What are the three definitions of crime?

Answer 1

1. normative/moral definition
2. legal/legalistic definition
3. labeling/interactionist definition

Question 2

_____ are shared views of what someone ought or ought not to do as members of a society

Answer 2

Norms

Question 3

Normative consensus would suggest that everyone in society believes that:
(1)
(2)

Answer 3

(1) murder is wrong and the punishment for it should be death or life imprisonment
(2) simply insulting someone is not serious enough to be punished by law

Question 4

Criminal behavior represents conduct that violates public standards of _______

Answer 4

morality

Question 5

Match the punishment to the offense:
(1) murder
(2) jaywalking 
(3) rape 
(4) burglary 
punishment:
(A) 1 to 5 years
(B) death, life imprisonment 
(C) 10-20 years, life imprisonment 
(D) $50 to $200 Fine

Answer 5

(1) murder- (B) death, life imprisonment
(2) jaywalking- (D) $50 to $200 Fine
(3) rape- (C) 10-20 years, life imprisonment
(4) burglary- (A) 1 to 5 years

Question 6

The _________/_____ definition of crime is often the basis in small, agrarian and/or tribal societies.

Answer 6

normative

moral

Question 7

The normative/moral definition of crime is often the basis in small, _______ and/or _____ societies.

Answer 7

agrarian

tribal

Question 8

Which type of definition of crime is hard to apply to highly diverse and industrialized societies and why?

Answer 8

The normative/moral definition of crime; because there is little consensus about crime

Question 9

According to the legal/legalistic definition of crime, crime is a violation of ______ _____.

Answer 9

legal rules

Question 10

Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a _______ ____ (acts reus), a _______ _____ (mens rea), and concurrence (the union of the physical and mental elements).

Answer 10

physical act

mental state

Question 11

Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a physical act (_____ ____), a mental state (____ ____), and concurrence (the union of the physical and mental elements).

Answer 11

actus reus

mens rea

Question 12

Crime is law-violating behavior that involves a physical act (actus reus), a mental state (mens rea), and __________ (the union of the physical and mental elements).

Answer 12

concurrence

Question 13

In order to be considered illegal, the act must involve _______, _______, and ______ _____.

Answer 13

conscious
voluntary
public harm

Question 14

List the different types of criminal intent.

Answer 14

(1) purposefully
(2) knowingly
(3) recklessly
(4) negligently

Question 15

Which type of criminal intent is this: acts done with specific intent

Answer 15

purposefully

Question 16

Which type of criminal intent is this: conscious risk taking

Answer 16

recklessly

Question 17

Which type of criminal intent is this: unconscious risk taking

Answer 17

negligently

Question 18

Under the legal/legalistic definition of crime, law must specify a __________ for any criminal act and the act must be ______ at the time it was committed

Answer 18

punishment

illegal

Question 19

Labeling/interactionist definition of crime assures that no behavior is _________ criminal.

Answer 19

inherently

Question 20

According to ________/__________ definition of crime the definitions of crime are socially constructed by those in power.

Answer 20

labeling/interactionist

Question 21

According to labeling/interactionist definition of crime the definitions of crime are ________ _________ by those in power.

Answer 21

socially constructed

Question 22

The labeling/interactionist definition of crime derives from the ______ ______ of social order.

Answer 22

conflict theory

Question 23

Explain the conflict theory of social order.

Answer 23

a theory that assumes that the criminal law is an instrument used by the ruling class and powerful groups to protect their interests and privileges

Question 24

Becker’s model defines crime as both _________ an a _____.

Answer 24

behavior

label

Question 25

Becker’s model questions what two things about crime?

Answer 25

(1) Is the person involved in law violating behavior ?

(2) What is the societal/reaction to that person (are they perceived as a criminal)?

Question 26

What are the four distinct types of crime/criminals according to the Becker’s model?

Answer 26

(1) Non-criminal
(2) Secret Criminal
(3) Falsely Accused
(4) Criminals

Question 27

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: Are not engaged in law-violating behavior and are perceived as non-criminal

Answer 27

Non-criminal

Question 28

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: most people are this type

Answer 28

Non-criminal

Question 29

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: Is engaged in law-violating behavior and is perceived as a non-criminal

Answer 29

Secret Criminal

Question 30

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: offenders who are the most injurious (costly) to a society

Answer 30

Secret Criminal

Question 31

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: ex. those who engage in illegal business practices and corrupt political officials

Answer 31

Secret Criminal

Question 32

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: Are not engaged in law-violating behavior and is perceived as a criminal

Answer 32

Falsely Accused

Question 33

Which type of crime/criminal is this under Becker’s model: Are engaged in law-violating behavior and is perceived as a criminal

Answer 33

Criminals