Chapter 19: Violent Crime in U.S. History (Homicide and Aggravated Assault) Part 3

Question 1

51% of the victims of homicide are _____, 47% are ______, and the remaining 2% are “_______ ______”.

Answer 1

Black
white
“other races”

Question 2

___% of the victims of homicide are Black, ___% are white, and the remaining __% are “other races”.

Answer 2

51%
47%
2%

Question 3

The victim and the offender are the same race ___% of homicides.

Answer 3

87%

Question 4

___% of homicide victims are under 25yrs old.

Answer 4

35%

Question 5

24% of homicide victims and offenders are ______ ________.

Answer 5

family members

Question 6

The killings of _____ is about 4 times more common than killing of _________

Answer 6

wives

husbands

Question 7

54% of homicides involve ___________

Answer 7

acquaintance

Question 8

22% of homicides involve _________

Answer 8

strangers

Question 9

Who has the greatest risk of aggravated assault victimization?

Answer 9

(1) male
(2) young (18-24)
(3) single

Question 10

What are the major exceptions of this “age homogeneity” pattern of homicides and aggravated assaults?

Answer 10

(1) child homicides, in which the killer is typically a parent
(2) robbery homicides in which younger offenders many kill older victims in street muggings and robberies of convenes stores

Question 11

What is victim precipitation?

Answer 11

situations in which the victim is the first person to resort to physical force that ultimately leads to their death

Question 12

What percentage of victim precipitation is found in homicide and aggravated assaults?

Answer 12

20%-50% in homicide

10%-25% in aggravated assaults

Question 13

What is the correlation between crime and occupation?

Answer 13

about two million people in the U.S. are victims of violent crime in the workplace every year

Question 14

What are the 3 necessary elements for homicide and assault?

Answer 14

(1) an offender
(2) a victim
(3) a situational context for the crime

Question 15

What are the various situational contexts for crime?

Answer 15

(1) physical settings (i.e. dangerous places, dangerous times)
(2) offense attributes (i.e. weapon use, co-offenders, alcohol/drug use)
(3) the nature of interpersonal dynamics between the parties

Question 16

What are the situational elements in homicide and aggravated assaults?

Answer 16

(1) Dangerous Places
(2) Dangerous Times
(3) Offense Attributes
(4) Interpersonal Dynamics

Question 17

What is the most dangerous location for homicides and aggravated assaults?

Answer 17

the physical space in and around the victim’s home

Question 18

Why is this the ,physical space in and around the victim’s home, dangerous location for homicides and aggravated assaults?

Answer 18

(1) people spend more time at their home than any other location
(2) most violent offenders victimize family members and other known parties who live with or near them
(3) the closed physical structure of homes and norms of privacy often prevent outsiders from early intervention in domestic disputes before they become murders and aggravated assaults

Question 19

What are the primary “hot spots” for physical assaults by strangers?

Answer 19

• bars
• other entertainment establishments
• parking lots
• subway/bus stops

Question 20

Why are these locations (bars, other entertainment establishments, parking lots, and subway/bus stops) dangerous?

Answer 20

(1) one’s visibility and accessibility to strangers in these locations
(2) the greater likelihood of victims being alone
(3) the consumption of alcohol in bars and other entertainment establishments which may weaken inhibitions and impede judgments

Question 21

What is the FBI’s “Crime Clock”?

Answer 21

a homicide occurs every 36 minutes, an aggravated assault occurs every 42 seconds

Question 22

What is the “Crime Clock” trying to suggest, is it’s suggestion right or wrong?

Answer 22

suggests that acts of serious physical violence are uniform over time, which is wrong

Question 23

What times are considered dangerous times?

Answer 23

(1) Nighttime Hours
(2) Weekends
(3) Summer Months
(4) (Some) Holidays

Question 24

What times are considered nighttime hours?

Answer 24

6pm to 6am

Question 25

Why are nighttime hours more dangerous than daytime hours?

Answer 25

(1) greater constraints/regulations imposed (during the day) by either work or school schedules
(2) the cover of darkness at night may encourage the likelihood of criminal behavior

Question 26

What day(s) of the weekend are considered the most dangerous?

Answer 26

Friday and Saturday nights

Question 27

Why is there more crime on weekends?

Answer 27

higher levels of leisure activity on weekends

Question 28

Why are there higher rates of violence during the summer?

Answer 28

(1) the higher levels of public leisure activity in summer months
(2) the adverse effects of heat and crowding on human behavior

Question 29

What are the adverse effects of heat and crowding on human behavior?

Answer 29

(1) increased frustration/irritability, (which increases aggression)
(2) in areas with moderate winters and extremely hot summers, this is less dramatic

Question 30

There is no evidence of “______ ______”

Answer 30

“cabin fever”

Question 31

What is “cabin fever”?

Answer 31

the belief that high rates of domestic violence in within months in extremely cold and snow-bound areas because the cold keep people from leaving their homes and domestic abuse occurs

Question 32

Which holidays are especially dangerous?

Answer 32

Thanksgiving and Christmas

Question 33

Why are there higher rates of crime during (some) holidays?

Answer 33

(1) family members reunite in one space

(2) wider consumption of alcohol