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Biology 5 > chapter 5 > Flashcards

chapter 5 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

what are the five functions of the integumentary system (p,e&a,r,s,v)

A 
protection
excretion
absorption
regulation of body temperature
sensation
vitamin D synthesis
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2
Q

The skin is divided into two regions. The deepest is the ____ and the most superficial is called the _______.

A

dermis is deepest

epidermis is superficial

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3
Q

what is the hypodermis?

A

also called the sub-Q layer, not part of the skin, deep to dermis consists of areolar and adipose tissue

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4
Q

what type of tissue is the epidermis composed of?

A

epithelial tissue
outermost is several layers of stratified squamous epithelium, outermost layer is comprised of flat, dead cells, and then keratinized stratified squamous epithelium. The epidermis is constantly replaced with new cells.

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5
Q

these epidermal cells connect to tactile disks, and provide sensory function (sense of touch on your skin)

A

tactile cells (Merkle)

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6
Q

these epidermal cells are immune cells, they find things that shouldn’t be there and try to destroy them

A

Langerhans cells

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7
Q

these epidermal cells produce keratin and lamellar granules, they are for protection

A

keratinocytes

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8
Q

these epidermal cells produce melanin, they make your skin color and provide UV protection

A

melanocytes

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9
Q

the top layer of the epidermis, multiple layers of flat, dead interlocking cells, the thickest layer (come)

A

stratum corneum

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10
Q

This layer of skin is only found in thick skin like the palms of your hands, fingertips and soles of your feet and it is clear (let’s)

A

stratum lucidum

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11
Q

This layer of skin has keratin present, cells are thinner and flatter, and cells begin to die (get)

A

stratum granulosum

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12
Q

This layer of skin provides strength and flexibility to the skin. (sun)

A

stratum spinosum

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13
Q

This layer of skin is the deepest layer and is the site of mitotic division. (burned)

A

stratum basale

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14
Q

name all the layer of skin in order (come lets get sun burned)

A 
stratum corneum
stratum lucidum
stratum granulosum
stratum spinosum
stratum basale
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15
Q

yellow to dark brown in color, creates the variations in skin color from pale to dark, it is the source of tanning

A

melanin

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16
Q

is the number of melanocytes different in everyone or the amount of melanin different?

A

melanin is different we all have basically the same number of melanocytes

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17
Q

connective vascular tissue

A

dermis

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18
Q

the superficial part of the dermis is made up of what kind of tissue?

A

areolar connective tissue

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19
Q

this part of the superficial dermis contains nerve endings and blood vessels

A

dermal papillae

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20
Q

this part of the superficial dermis is responsible for allowing you to feel light touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscles

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21
Q

this part of the superficial dermis is responsible for temperature, pain, and itch

A

free nerve endings

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22
Q

what is the deep part of the dermis made up of

A

dense irregular connective tissue

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23
Q

this layer of the epidermis is the site of mitotic division

A

stratum basale

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24
Q

the layer of the epidermis is the thickest layer

A

stratum corneum

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25
Q

this layer of the epidermis is layers where cells begin to die; keratin present

A

stratum granulosum

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26
Q

this layer of the epidermis is a clear layer only found in thick skin

A

stratum lucidum

27
Q

this layer of the epidermis is where strength and flexibility is found

A

stratum spinosum

28
Q

this dermal structure is responsible for temperature pain and itch

A

free nerve endings found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

29
Q

this dermal structure is responsible for vibration and pressure

A

Pacinian corpuscles found in dense irregular connective tissue, deep layer

30
Q

this dermal structure forms finger prints; contains nerves and blood vessels

A

dermal papillae found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

31
Q

this dermal structure is responsible for sensing light touch

A

Meissner’s corpuscles, found in areolar connective tissue, superficial layer

32
Q

name the three compounds that help create our skin color. what colors are they?

A

melanin - yellow to dark brown
hemoglobin - Red to reddish brown
Carotene - pale yellow to orange

33
Q

what are the three components of a hair?

A

hair root
hair shaft
hair follicle

34
Q

name the structure that attaches to a hair and causes goosebumps

A

arrector pili

35
Q

name the location and secretion of eccrine sweat glands

A

location - most of the body

secretion - directly onto skin - watery and odorless

36
Q

name the location and secretion of apocrine sweat glands

A

location - axilla & groin
secretion - connected to a hair, and viscous
body odor associated with apocrine because the sweat mixes with bacteria and causes smell.

37
Q

name the location and secretion of sebaceous glands

A

location - always connected to a hair shaft

secretion - sebum - oily substance

38
Q

name the location and secretion of ceruminous glands

A

location - external auditory canal (outer ear canal)

secretion - cerumen -oily wax

39
Q

this part of the nail extends past the finger or toe

A

nail edge

40
Q

this part of the nail is the main visible portion of the nail

A

nail body

41
Q

this part of the nail is the thick white part

A

Lunula (moon)

42
Q

this part of the nail is the portion that is not visible

A

nail root

43
Q

this part of the nail is made up of stratum corneum of epidermis and provides protection

A

cuticle

44
Q

this part of the nail is the proximal portion of the nail root, it contains dividing cells and is responsible for producing new nail

A

matrix

45
Q

the most dangerous and life-threatening form of skin cancer

A

melanoma

46
Q

This type of burn affects only the epidermis, causes mild pain, redness but no blisters, and generally heals within 1 week

A

1st degree

47
Q

this type of burn affects both the epidermis and the dermis, causes pain, redness, and blisters, and generally heals within 3 to 4 weeks

A

2nd degree

48
Q

this type of burn affects the epidermis, dermis, and subcutaneous layers of skin, causes severe pain, swelling, marble white to black coloration and is susceptible to infection, it also takes much longer to heal, and can require skin grafts

A

3rd degree

49
Q

These sores are caused by deficiency in blood flow to an area of tissue over a bony prominence

A

pressure ulcer

50
Q

what causes pressure ulcers

A

prolonged pressure on the skin leads to an ulceration (small breaks in the epidermis) can become infected and tissue can die.

51
Q

what is one cause of acne in adolescence

A

hormones over produce sebum

52
Q

what are the visible signs of aging seen in the dermis in people, usually starting at about 40

A 
loss of collagen fibers
loss of elasticity
loss of immune responses
decreased melanocyte functions causes grey hair, skin blotches (age spots)
thinning of skin and hairs
53
Q 
Which is not a component of skin?
a - Hair follicles
b - Hypodermis
c - Blood vessels
d - Dermal papillae
A

c - Blood vessels

54
Q 
Glands found in the external auditory canal that secrete protective earwax are
a - ceruminous glands
b - sebaceous glands
c - sudoriferous gland
d - apocrine glands
e - eccrine glands
A

a - ceruminous glands

55
Q 
The outermost portion of the skin is the
a - dermis
b - subcutaneous layer
c - epidermis
d - hypodermis
e - basement membrane
A

c - epidermis

56
Q 
In which skin layer would you expect to observe mitosis?
a - Stratum corneum
b - Stratum lucidum
c - Stratum spinosum
d - Stratum granulosum
e - Stratum basale
A

e - Stratum basale

57
Q

Match the sensory receptor of the dermis to its modality (what sensation it detects)
Free nerve endings
Meissner’s corpuscle
Pacinian corpuscle

A

Free nerve endings - pain and temperature
Meissner’s corpuscle - light touch
Pacinian corpuscle - pressure and vibration

58
Q 
Hair and skin color depend on:
a - melanin
b - keratin
c - sebum
d - myoglobin
e - cerumen
A

a - melanin

59
Q 
Match the substance or cell to its function:
a - Keratin 
b - Melanin 
c - Langerhans cells 
d - Tactile cells
A

keratin - protection
melanin - pigmentation
Langerhans cells - immune function
Tactile cells - sensory function

60
Q 
The base of a hair follicle is enlarged into an onion-shaped structure called
a - papilla
b - shaft
c - matrix
d -bulb
e - root
A

d -bulb

61
Q

Which is not true of pressure ulcers?
a - They are caused by prolonged pressure that causes the epidermis and/or dermis to break.
b - They typically form over a bony area of the body.
c - The underlying cause is an increase in blood flow due to inflammation.
d - Infections can cause tissue death and can develop quickly in elderly or ill patients.

A

c - The underlying cause is an increase in blood flow due to inflammation.

62
Q 
Which of the following is not found in the dermis?
a - Meissner's corpuscles
b - Sebaceous glands
c - Free nerve endings
d - Eccrine glands
e - Langerhans cells
A

e - Langerhans cells

63
Q

Which is not true of individuals with different skin color?
a - They have the same amount of melanocytes.
b - They have different amounts of melanin in their skin.
c - Individuals with darker skin also have thicker skin.
d - Individuals with lighter skin can develop darker skin with exposure to UV radiation.

A

c - Individuals with darker skin also have thicker skin.

Biology 5 (27 decks)

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