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Biology 5 > CHAPTER 15 > Flashcards

CHAPTER 15 Flashcards

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1
Q

The cardiovascular system is composed of what

A

the heart and blood vessels

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2
Q

what are the functions of the cardiovascular system? 6 of them

A 
moves oxygen
gets rid of waste products
transfers nutrients
regulates body temperature
regulates ph
provides protection through blood clotting and immune cells
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3
Q

how many layers are there that surround the heart

A

4 layers

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4
Q

the outside sack is composed of two layers called what

A

pericardium

epicardium

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5
Q

the outside sack or outer membrane that surrounds and provides protection for the heart is called what

A

pericardium

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6
Q

on the inside of the pericardium if the visceral layer that hugs the surface of the heart called what

A

epicardium

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7
Q

this is the layer of cardiac muscle tissue that is responsible for the pumping action of the heart

A

myocardium

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8
Q

this is the smooth most inner lining of the heart cavities themselves

A

endocardium

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9
Q

what are the four chambers of the heart

A

right and left atria

right and left ventricles

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10
Q

these are the smaller chambers on top of the heart

A

atria

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11
Q

which atria has a thicker layer of muscle

A

the left atria

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12
Q

these are the large chambers on the bottom of the heart

A

ventricles

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13
Q

this is the thin piece of tissue that separates the right and left ventricles

A

interventricular septum

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14
Q

who do the atria have thinner walls

A

because they don’t need to push the blood very far, only to the ventricles

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15
Q

what is different about the ventricles

A

they have a thick muscle layer left side is thicker than right side

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16
Q

why does the left side have a thicker layer of muscle than the right

A

because the right ventricle is only responsible for pushing the blood into the lungs to be oxygenated that is not a very far distance to push so it doesn’t need as much muscle but the left ventricle has to push the blood out to the rest of the body so it requires a lot bigger push and more muscle to do this

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17
Q

these great vessels of the heart are responsible for carrying blood away from the heart

A

arteries

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18
Q

these great vessels of the heart are responsible for carrying blood to the heart

A

veins

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19
Q

these three great vessels bring blood back to the right atrium from the rest of the body

A

superior vena cava
inferior vena cava
coronary sinus

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20
Q

these great vessels carry blood to the lungs to be infused with oxygen

A

pulmonary trunk

pulmonary arteries

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21
Q

these great vessels carry blood back to the heart from the lungs after they have been infused with oxygen

A

pulmonary veins

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22
Q

this main great vessel send blood out to the body once its oxygenated

A

aorta

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23
Q

what are the valves of the heart

A

the atrioventricular valves and the semilunar valves

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24
Q

this valves connect the atria and ventricles

A

atrioventricular valves

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25
Q

the atrioventricular valve found on the right side of the heart

A

tricuspid valve

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26
Q

the atrioventricular valve found on the left side of the heart

A

bicuspid or mitral valve

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27
Q

these valves connect ventricles and their great vessels

A

semilunar valves

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28
Q

this semilunar valve connects the aorta with the left ventricle

A

aortic semilunar valve

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29
Q

this semilunar valve connects the pulmonary trunk with the right ventricle

A

pulmonary semilunar valve

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30
Q

what is the role of valves

A

to prevent back flow of blood they ensure a one way flow of blood through the heart

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31
Q

in this circuit blood flows from the heart to the lungs

A

pulmonary circuit

32
Q

in this circuit blood flows from the heart to the body tissues

A

systemic circuit

33
Q

what is the path that blood takes in the pulmonary circuit starting with the r atrium

A 
right atrium through the tricuspid valve
to the right ventricle through the
pulmonary semilunar valve into the 
pulmonary trunk and out through the
pulmonary arteries to the lungs
they get oxygen in the lungs and return to the heart through the pulmonary veins into the 
left atrium
34
Q

what is the path that blood takes in the systemic circuit starting with the left atrium

A

once blood returns from the lungs into the left atrium it gets pushed through the bicuspid/mitral valve down into the left ventricle then the ventricle pushes it through the aortic semilunar valve up into the aorta which then sends it through arteries out to the rest of the body which then returns it through the many veins up into the superior and inferior vena cava and coronary sinus to the right atrium where it starts all over again

35
Q

this is part of the systemic circuit but delivers oxygen and nutrients to the heart itself

A

the coronary circulation

36
Q

these branch to ensure all of the tissue of the heart receives nourishment

A

coronary arteries

37
Q

this drains blood from the heart back into the right atrium so that it can be re-oxygenated

A

coronary sinus

38
Q

the heart is _______ - about ___% of the heart cells can generate and propagate action potentials

A

autorhythmic

1%

39
Q

what sets the rhythm of the heart

A

the pacemaker

40
Q

signals travel along this system of which there are _ components.

A

cardiac conduction system

5 components

41
Q

this first step in the cardiac conduction system is found in the R atrium and initiates the heart rate (known as the pacemaker)

A

sinoatrial node (SA node)

42
Q

the second step in the cardiac conduction system is found between the R and L atria and causes a pause in the electrical signal to allow the atria time to contract and push blood down in to the ventricles

A

atrioventricular node (AV node)

43
Q

this third step in the cardiac conduction system is found in the beginning of the interventricular septum

A

atrioventricular bundle

44
Q

this fourth step in the cardiac conduction system runs the length of the interventricular septum and sends action potentials to the ventricles

A

right and left bundle branches

45
Q

this fifth step in the cardiac conduction system wrap up along the outer walls and send impulses up the walls of the ventricles

A

Purkinje fibers

46
Q

an image of the electrical activities of the heart is known as what

A

electrocardiogram or
ECG or
EKG

47
Q

what are the three parts of the electrical activity of the heart called

A

P wave
QRS complex
T wave

48
Q

this is the electrical activity that signals the atria to contract and is known as atrial depolarization

A

P wave

49
Q

this is the really big contraction that is made by the ventricles and is the signal for the ventricles to contract

A

QRS complex

50
Q

this is the resetting of the heart when the heart is at rest and is called ventricular repolarization

A

T wave

51
Q

variations in the size and duration of these waves and the spaces between can be used for what

A

to diagnose cardiac conditions

52
Q

the contraction of the atria and the contraction of the ventricles all happen is 1 heartbeat and is known as what

A

the cardiac cycle

53
Q

the period of contraction is referred to as what

A

systole

54
Q

the period of relaxation is referred to as what

A

diastole

55
Q

there are three events that make up the cardiac cycle what are they

A

diastole
atrial systole
ventricular systole

56
Q

this event of the cardiac cycle is when the ventricles and atria are relaxed, blood flows into, and fills, atria and ventricles

A

diastole

57
Q

this event of the cardiac cycle is when the atria contract, ventricles are relaxed and blood is pushed from the atria into the ventricles

A

atria systole

58
Q

this event of the cardia cycle is when the atria relaxes and the ventricles contract pumping blood to the entire body

A

ventricular systole

59
Q

what are the two heart sounds

A

lubb

dubb

60
Q

this is the first sound that is made when the atrioventricular valves - the tricuspid and bicuspid valves close as the ventricles contract

A

lubb

61
Q

this is the second sound that is made when the semilunar valves - the pulmonary semilunar and aortic semilunar valves - close as the ventricles relax

A

dubb

62
Q

what is the cause of these sounds

A

a change in pressure but you are actually hearing the valves slamming shut

63
Q 
The left ventricle pumps the blood into the
pulmonary trunk.
aorta.
pulmonary veins.
vena cava.
A

aorta

64
Q 
The valve between the left atrium and left ventricle is the
sinoatrial valve.
tricuspid valve.
pulmonary semilunar valve.
aortic semilunar valve.
bicuspid valve.
A

bicuspid valve

65
Q

true or false

All arteries contain oxygenated blood, and all veins contain non-oxygenated blood.

A

false because the pulmonary veins carrying blood back to the left atrium are filled with oxygen

66
Q

true or false

The heart valves prevent the backflow of blood during the cardiac cycle.

A

true

67
Q 
The P wave of an ECG indicates
ventricular repolarization.
ventricular depolarization.
atrial repolarization.
atrial depolarization.
ventricular contraction.
A

atrial depolarization

68
Q

true or false

During diastole, the atria and ventricles are contracting.

A

false

systole

69
Q 
The normal pacemaker of the heart is/are the
Purkinje fibers.
atrioventricular bundle.
atrioventricular node.
sinoatrial node.
bundle of His.
A

sinoatrial node

70
Q

Which of the following represents the correct sequence of structures in the cardiac conduction system?
AV node, SA node, AV bundles, Purkinje fibers
SA node, AV node, Purkinje fibers, AV bundles
SA node, AV node, AV bundles, Purkinje fibers
Purkinje fibers, AV nodes, SA node, AV bundles
SA node, AV bundles, AV node, Purkinje fibers

A

SA node, AV node, AV bundles, Purkinje fibers

71
Q 
The blood vessel that collects deoxygenated blood of the coronary circulation and empties into the right atrium is the
pulmonary sinus.
vena cava.
sigmoid sinus.
coronary sinus.
A

coronary sinus

72
Q

true or false

The atria receive the blood returning to the heart.

A

true

73
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ separates the right and left ventricles.
  interatrial septum 
  ligamentum arteriosum 
  interventricular septum 
  fossa ovalis
A

interventricular septum

74
Q 
The \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ circuit pumps blood between the lungs and the heart
  systemic 
  coronary 
  pulmonary 
  respiratory
A

pulmonary

75
Q

Which portion of the heart has the thickest myocardium?
All chambers have equally thick myocardium.
left atrium
right ventricle
left ventricle
right atrium

A

left ventricle

76
Q

The “lub,” or first heart sound, is a result of the _______ valves closing as the ________ contract.

A

atrioventricular

ventricles

77
Q 
The inner visceral layer of the pericardium is also called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
parietal pericardium
endocardium
mesocardium
epicardium
A

epicardium

Biology 5 (27 decks)

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