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Biology 5 > chapter 11 > Flashcards

chapter 11 Flashcards

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AP® Biology flashcards Biology 101 flashcards
1
Q

controls involuntary and unconscious functions of the body

A

autonomic nervous system

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2
Q

what are the two divisions of the autonomic nervous system

A

SNS Sympathetic Nervous System

PSNS Parasympathetic Nervous System

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3
Q

this part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for the fight and flight response … mobilizing the body to run away or to fight

A

SNS Sympathetic Nervous System

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4
Q

this part of the autonomic nervous system is responsible for normal everyday functioning called the rest and digest

A

PSNS Parasympathetic Nervous System

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5
Q

the term for organs that are supplied by both divisions

A

Dual Innervation

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6
Q

why is Dual Innervation important

A

we need it for balance within our body systems and also in order to make rapid changes when needed

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7
Q

these monitor internal conditions and are responsible for input of messages to the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS)

A

Autonomic sensory neurons

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8
Q

these are responsible for output of messages from the Autonomic Nervous System (ANS) and send messages to the effectors; cardiac/smooth muscle and glands, which are either excited or inhibited.

A

Autonomic motor neurons

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9
Q

this nervous system sends messages from the CNS to the effector through the use of only one motor neuron

A

Central Nervous System or (Somatic Nervous System)

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10
Q

this nervous system sends messages from the ANS to a ganglion and then to the effector via two motor neurons one before the ganglion and one after the ganglion

A

Autonomic Nervous System

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11
Q

located before the ganglion, this is the first motor neuron; the pathway from the CNS to the ganglion

A

preganglionic neuron

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12
Q

located after the ganglion, this is the second motor neuron; it is the pathway from the ganglion to the effector

A

postganglionic neuron

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13
Q

another name for the sympathetic division

A

the thoracolumbar division

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14
Q

in this division nerves leave from the thoracic and lumbar region and tend to activate regions of the body; responsible for fight or flight

A

Sympathetic nervous system or the thoracolumbar division

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15
Q

ganglia that lie next to the spinal cord; short preganglionic neuron and long postganglionic neuron

A

Sympathetic trunk ganglia part of the sympathetic nervous system

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16
Q

another name for the parasympathetic division

A

craniosacral division

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17
Q

in this division nerves leave the cranial and sacral regions; tend to inhibit/reduce activities in the body in order to rest and digest

A

Parasympathetic division or craniosacral division

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18
Q

what are the three effects of the SNS - Sympathetic Nervous System?

A

increase heart rate - more blood and oxygen
dilate the pupils - better vision to see threats
Decrease digestive tract activity - save life, not eat

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19
Q

what are the three effects of the PSNS - Parasympathetic Nervous System?

A

decrease heart rate - no threat, able to relax
constrict pupil - no threat normal vision needed
increase digestive tract activity - time to digest food and make energy

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20
Q

ganglia that lie next to or within the target organ; end at or near the end; has a long preganglionic neuron and a short postganglionic neuron

A

terminal ganglia part of the parasympathetic nervous system

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21
Q

preganglionic neuron/soma is usually in the brain stem or sacral (toward the bottom) spinal cord, postganglionic neuron/soma is usually in a ganglion near the target organ; releases neurotransmitter: acetylcholine or nitric oxide; rest and digest response is activated

A

Parasympathetic nervous system

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22
Q

preganglionic neuron/soma is usually in the spine; postganglionic neuron/soma is in a sympathetic ganglion, located next to the spinal cord; releases neurotransmitter: norepinephrine; fight or flight response is activated

A

Sympathetic Nervous System

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23
Q

Which of the following statements about the autonomic nervous system is NOT true?
a -Efferent signals are sent along a single motor neuron the the effector.
b - It is an involuntary system
c -It consists of two subdivisions
d -It regulates visceral activities

A

a -Efferent signals are sent along a single motor neuron the the effector.

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24
Q

Match the neuron description to the correct nervous system division.
Short preganglionic neuron

Long preganglionic neuron

Ganglia lie next to the spinal cord

Ganglia lie next to or within the target organ

Short postganglionic fiber

Long postganglionic fiber

A 
sympathetic
parasympathetic
sympathetic
parasympathetic
parasympathetic
sympathetic
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25
Q 
The sympathetic division of the ANS is also referred to as the
a -autonomic division.
b -craniosacral division.
c -thoracolumbar division.
d -somatic division.
A

c -thoracolumbar division.

26
Q 
Which of the following is NOT a response of the parasympathetic system?
a -activating digestion
b -constricting pupils
c -increasing respiratory rate
d -slowing heart rate
A

c -increasing respiratory rate

27
Q 
The ganglia that run vertically along both sides of the backbone are the
a -sympathetic trunk ganglia.
b -prevertebral ganglia.
c -dorsal root ganglia.
d -terminal ganglia.
A

a -sympathetic trunk ganglia.

28
Q

Nerves exiting the spinal cord in the thoracic and lumbar region contain fibers of the __________ system.
a -parasympathetic
b -sympathetic

A

b -sympathetic

29
Q

Which ganglia are further from the central nervous system?
a -sympathetic trunk ganglia
b -terminal ganglia

A

b -terminal ganglia

30
Q 
The division of the nervous system that mediates the "fight-or-flight" response is the \_\_\_\_\_ division.
a -sympathetic
b -sensory
c -parasympathetic
d -motor
A

a -sympathetic

31
Q

Which of the following responses is a sympathetic response?
a -constricted pupil
b -increased digestive activity
c -all of these are sympathetic responses
d -increased heart rate
e -none of these are sympathetic responses

A

d -increased heart rate

32
Q 
When you encounter a stressful situation, which division of the nervous system is activated?
a -sympathetic
b -parasympathetic
c -visceral
d -somatic
A

a -sympathetic

33
Q

In the SNS where do nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

leave from the thoracic and lumbar region

34
Q

In the PSNS where do nerves exit the spinal cord?

A

leave from the cranial and sacral region

35
Q

In the SNS do the nerves stimulate or inhibit activities?

A

The nerves in the SNS stimulate activities

36
Q

In the PSNS do the nerves stimulate or inhibit activities?

A

The nerves in the PSNS inhibit activities

37
Q

In the SNS what type of ganglia exists and what is its location?

A

sympathetic trunk ganglia and they run vertically along both sides of the backbone

38
Q

In the PSNS what type of ganglia exists and what is its location?

A

terminal ganglia and they lie next to or within the target organ

39
Q

In the SNS what is the length of the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron?

A

preganglionic neuron is short

postganglionic neuron is long

40
Q

In the PSNS what is the length of the preganglionic neuron and the postganglionic neuron?

A

preganglionic neuron is long

postganglionic neuron is short

41
Q

which nervous system regulates the activities of effectors including smooth muscle, cardiac muscle, and many glands?

A

the autonomic nervous system

42
Q

Which other nervous system does the ANS function with and what main nervous system do they form?

A

the Automatic nervous system functions along with the somatic nervous system and together they form the peripheral nervous system.

43
Q

The automatic nervous system usually operates without conscious control from the cerebral cortex, instead it is regulated by what two brain systems?

A

the hypothalamus and the brainstem

44
Q

Both the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system have sensory neurons but they convey different things. What do the somatic nervous system neurons convey and are they consciously perceived or unconsciously?

A

SNS sensory neurons convey input to the cerebrum related to the special senses and somatic senses and they are consciously perceived.

45
Q

Both the somatic nervous system and the autonomic nervous system have sensory neurons but they convey different things. What do the autonomic nervous system neurons convey and are they consciously perceived or unconsciously?

A

ANS sensory neurons convey impulses from the viscera to the autonomic centers of the central nervous system and they are not consciously recognized.

46
Q

where do the somatic nervous system motor neurons supply nerve impulses to?

A

The SNS motor neurons supplies nerve impulses to skeletal muscle and permit conscious, voluntary movements.

47
Q

where do the autonomic nervous system motor neurons supply nerve impulses to?

A

The ANS motor neurons innervate viscera which is cardiac muscle, smooth muscle and glands, causing involuntary responses.

48
Q

what neurotransmitter do the neurons of the SNS release?

A

acetylcholine

49
Q

what neurotransmitter does the ANS release

A

either ACH-acetylcholine or norepinephrine

50
Q

regulates breathing, heart rate, and blood pressure

A

medulla oblongata

51
Q

assists in breathing regulation

A

pons

52
Q

controls visual and auditory reflexs

A

midbrain

53
Q

relays sensory information, sending impulses to the appropriate region in the cerebrum

A

thalamus

54
Q

maintains homeostasis by regulating the autonomic nervous system, hormone production hunger and thirst, body temperature, etc…

A

hypothalamus

55
Q

maintains posture and balance and smooths and coordinates muscle movements

A

cerebellum

56
Q

white matter connecting the left and right cerebral hemispheres

A

corpus callosum

57
Q

processes touch (somatosensory) information and taste

A

parietal lobe

58
Q

PROCESSES HEARING, LANGUAGE, AND SMELL

A

TEMPORAL LONE

59
Q

processes visual information

A

occipital lobe

60
Q

controls voluntary movements, mood and personality

A

frontal lobe

Biology 5 (27 decks)

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