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chapter 14 Flashcards

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1
Q

what are the three function of blood

A

transportation
protection
regulation

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2
Q

this function of blood is responsible for moving nutrients, wastes, and carbon dioxide through the body.

A

transportation

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3
Q

this function of blood is responsible for clotting that prevents blood loss and white blood cells that prevent infection

A

protection

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4
Q

this function of blood is responsible for maintaining homeostasis through body temperature and ph levels

A

regulation

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5
Q

what are the two components of blood

A

plasma

formed elements

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6
Q

this is the lightest component, straw colored liquid portion of the blood that makes up 55%.

A

plasma

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7
Q

what is plasma made up of

A

water
nutrients
gases
proteins

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8
Q

what does plasma help with

A

transportation
protection
clotting

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9
Q

what are the three formed elements

A

platelets
white blood cells WBC’s
red blood cells RBC’s

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10
Q

what percentage of formed elements do red blood cells make up

A

45%

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11
Q

this is a medium for transporting materials in the blood

A

plasma

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12
Q

cell fragments that are essential to blood clotting

A

platelets

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13
Q

these cells defend the body against disease

A

white blood cells

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14
Q

these cells transport oxygen

A

red blood cells

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15
Q

what is the term given for the formation of blood

A

hematopoiesis

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16
Q

where does hematopoiesis occur

A

in the red marrow of bones

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17
Q

these have the capacity to develop into many different blood cells

A

pluripotent stem cells

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18
Q

what is another name for red blood cells

A

erythrocytes

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19
Q

why do red blood cells or erythrocytes have no nucleus

A

we don’t want to take up any room in the cell besides our oxygen carrying protein

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20
Q

what are red blood cells packed full of that give it the red color, and is the molecule that carries oxygen through your blood

A

hemoglobin

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21
Q

what is the shape of a red blood cell/erythrocytes

A

biconcave - round with indentations on either side - their shape increases the surface area so that helps to get oxygen in and out of the cell quickly

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22
Q

what is the molecule in red blood cells that binds to oxygen

A

hemoglobin

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23
Q

what is the major component in hemoglobin

A

contains 4 iron elements bound together in heme groups

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24
Q

where are RBC’s created

A

red bone marrow

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25
Q

the term given for the formation of red blood cells

A

erythropoiesis a specific form of hematopoiesis for red blood cells

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26
Q

how long do RBC’s live

A

120 days

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27
Q

what happens to RBC’s after they die

A

they are removed from circulation by the liver and spleen

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28
Q

what is the mechanism for removing RBC’s

A

macrophages destroy them and release hemoglobin, which is either recycled or excreted in the urine or feces

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29
Q

what is the name of the hormone that stimulates RBC production

A

erythropoietin EPO

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30
Q

where is EPO secreted from

A

the kidneys secrete EPO when there is low oxygen delivery to the tissues

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31
Q

what does the EPO stimulate

A

EPO stimulates the bone marrow to make more RBC’s

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32
Q

what happens to the RBC’s made by the bone marrow

A

they enter the blood stream

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33
Q

name the three steps in the process of RBC production

A

1 - EPO is secreted by the kidneys when there is low oxygen delivery to the tissues
2-The EPO in turn stimulates the bone marrow to make more RBC’s
3-The blood cells enter the blood stream

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34
Q

what is the result of RBC production process

A

more RBC’s means more oxygen that can be delivered to the tissues

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35
Q

what is another name for white blood cells

A

leukocytes

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36
Q

what percentage of blood cells do WBC’s or Leukocytes make up

A

less than 1%

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37
Q

when do numbers of WBC’s/Leukocytes increase

A

during an infection

WBC counts are used as an index of infection

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38
Q

Leukocytes or WBC have a ________

A

nucleus

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39
Q

what is the job of WBC/or Leukocytes

A

to destroy disease-causing agents

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40
Q

what mechanism do Leukocytes use to destroy disease causing agents

A

phagocytosis

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41
Q

the process through which cells engulf virus, parasites etc and destroy it

A

phagocytosis

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42
Q

how many different kind of WBC’s or Leukocytes are there

A

5

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43
Q

which WBC’s are the most abundant WBC and are the first on the scene of an infection

A

neutrophils

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44
Q

describe the job and nucleus of a neutrophil

A

neutrophils consume bacteria and destroy it they have a multi lobed nucleus

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45
Q

how long do neutrophils live

A

anywhere from a few hour to 3 days

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46
Q

these white blood cells attack parasitic worms

A

eosinophils

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47
Q

a high eosinophil count is seen with what type of infection

A

parasitic infection

48
Q

what type of nucleus do eosinophils have

A

bilobed nucleus usually two pieces and they stain bright pink

49
Q

these are the least abundant WBC’s

A

basophils

50
Q

what do basophils release

A

histamine

51
Q

what does the histamine that basophils release do

A

brings more WBC’s to the area
increase blood flow
part of the inflammatory response

52
Q

what do basophils play an important role in

A

allergic reactions

53
Q

what does the nucleus of a basophil look like

A

big purple dots like a ball of yarn

54
Q

these white blood cells are called _______ in blood but when they exit the blood and enter the tissue they morph into ________

A

monocytes in the blood morph into macrophages in the tissue

55
Q

what is the job of macrophages

A

consume bacteria and dead cells

56
Q

how big are monocytes and how long do they last

A

they are the largest wbc’s and they last for several months

57
Q

these white blood cells attack damaged/diseased cells and pathogens

A

lymphocytes

58
Q

how do lymphocytes attack damages or diseased cells

A

they create antibodies

59
Q

what are the antibodies that lymphocytes create and what do they do

A

they are proteins that find and attach to antigens -foreign proteins - and mark them for destruction by other WBC’s

60
Q

how long do lymphocytes live

A

last for many years

61
Q

list the number of WBC’s found in the blood from most to least - remember - never let monkeys eat bananas

A 
neutrophils
lymphocytes
monocytes
eosinophils
basophils
62
Q

this type of white blood cell count is used to determine the percentage of each WBC in a person’s blood

A

differential white blood cell count

63
Q

any significant deviation in the differential WBC count can mean what

A

it can be indicative of a particular disease state

64
Q

an increased neutrophil count can mean what

A

fighting bacterial infection

65
Q

an increased eosinophil count can mean what

A

parasitic infection

66
Q

an increased basophil count can mean what

A

inflammation or allergy

67
Q

these are not true cells but fragments of a larger cell

A

platelets

68
Q

what important role do platelets provide

A

important in blood clotting

69
Q

how long do platelets live

A

very short lived about a week

70
Q

what are the three mechanisms involved in hemostasis

A

vascular spasm
platelet plug formation
blood clotting

71
Q

this mechanism of hemostasis is the squeezing of the vessels decreasing the amount of blood that can get through

A

vascular spasm

72
Q

this mechanism of hemostasis is the sticking together of platelets and release of a chemical that attracts more platelets

A

platelet plus formation

73
Q

this mechanism of hemostasis involves several steps that lead to the formation of _________

A

blood clotting

formation of fibrin

74
Q

what does the fibrin created during blood clotting do

A

creates a web that traps RBC’s and forms the clot

75
Q

blood groups and blood types are based on what

A

the antigens and antibodies you produce

76
Q

these are proteins found on the surface of the RBC that are determined genetically from your parents

A

antigens

77
Q

these are found in the blood plasma

A

antibodies

78
Q

what are the different ABO blood groups

A

A, B, O, AB

79
Q

this is the name given to the clumping of blood that happens when an antibody meets its antigen

A

agglutination

80
Q

if you have blood type A what antigens and antibodies do you possess

A

A ANTIGENS

B ANTIBODIES

81
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE A BLOOD WHAT BLOOD CAN YOU DONATE TO?

A

ANY BLOOD TYPE WHO DOESN’T POSSESS THE A ANTIBODY SO A AND AB

82
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE A BLOOD WHO CAN YOU RECEIVE BLOOD FROM?

A

ANY BLOOD TYPE THAT DOES NOT HAVE THE B ANTIGEN SO A OR O

83
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE B BLOOD WHAT ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES DO YOU POSSESS

A

B ANTIGENS

A ANTIBODIES

84
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE B BLOOD WHAT BLOOD CAN YOU DONATE TO

A

ANY BLOOD TYPE WHO DOESN’T POSSESS B ANTIBODY B OR AB

85
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE B BLOOD WHAT BLOOD CAN YOU RECEIVE

A

ANY BLOOD TYPE THAT DOESN’T POSSESS THE A ANTIGEN SO B OR O

86
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE AB BLOOD WHAT ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES DO YOU HAVE

A

A AND B ANTIGENS

NO ANTIBODIES

87
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE AB BLOOD WHO CAN YOU DONATE TO

A

ONLY AB

88
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE AB BLOOD WHO CAN YOU RECEIVE BLOOD FROM

A

ANY OTHER BLOOD TYPE BECAUSE TYPE AB HAS NO ANTIBODIES SO THEY WON’T REACT TO ANYTHING SO ALL BLOOD TYPES

89
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE O BLOOD WHAT ANTIGENS AND ANTIBODIES DO YOU HAVE

A

NO ANTIGENS

A AND B ANTIBODIES

90
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE O BLOOD WHO CAN YOU DONATE TO

A

ANY OTHER BLOOD TYPE BECAUSE I HAS NO ANTIGENS FOR ANTIBODIES TO REACT WITH SO ALL OTHER BLOOD TYPES

91
Q

IF YOU HAVE TYPE O BLOOD WHO CAN YOU RECEIVE FROM

A

ONLY O BECAUSE O POSSESSES ANTIBODIES A AND B

92
Q

WHICH BLOOD TYPE IS THE UNIVERSAL RECEIVER

A

AB

93
Q

WHICH BLOOD TYPE IS THE UNIVERSAL DONOR

A

O

94
Q

ANOTHER PROTEIN FOUND ON THE SURFACE OF THE rbc’S DETERMINES WHETHER A PERSON HAS POSITIVE OR NEGATIVE BLOOD

A

RH

95
Q

IF YOU HAVE THE RH ANTIGEN ON SURFACE OF RBC AND NO RH ANTIBODIES IN THE PLASMA YOU ARE CONSIDERED WHAT

A

RH POSITIVE

96
Q

IF YOU DO NOT HAVE THE RH ANTIGEN ON THE SURFACE OF YOUR RBC AND NO RH ANTIBODIES IN THE PLASMA YOU CAR CONSIDERED WHAT

A

RH NEGATIVE

97
Q

IF YOU ARE RH NEGATIVE WHAT WOULD CAUSE YOU TO DEVELOP RH ANTIBODIES

A

EXPOSURE TO RH PROTEIN THROUGH A BLOOD TRANSFUSION OR CHILDBIRTH

98
Q

WHAT IS THE TERM GIVEN TO AN INTERACTION BETWEEN AN RH NEGATIVE WOMEN AND A PR POSITIVE BABY

A

HEMOLYTIC DISEASE OF THE NEWBORN

99
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE 1ST CHILD DURING PREGNANCY WHEN A WOMAN IS RH NEGATIVE BUT TEH FETUS IS RH POSITIVE

A

NOTHING HAPPENS DURING THE PREGNANCY BUT AT BIRTH THE MOTHER IS EXPOSED TO SOME OF THE BABYS BLOOD AND THE RH PROTEIN IS SEEN AS FOREIGN TO THE MOTHERS BLOOD SO BETWEEN PREGNANCIES SHE STARTS TO MAKE ANTIBODIES AGAINST RH

100
Q

WHAT HAPPENS TO THE 2ND CHILD DURING PREGNANCY IF THE MOTHER HAS STARTED TO MAKE RH ANTIBODIES

A

CAN CAUSE SEVERE PROBLEMS FOR THE BABY BECAUSE THE MOMS RH ANTIBODIES GET INTO THE PLACENTA AND ATTACK THE CHILDS RBC’S WHICH CAN LEAD TO BRAIN DAMAGE, STILL BIRTH OR MISCARRIAGE

101
Q

WHAT INTERVENTION IS GIVEN IF A MOM IS RH NEGATIVE AND IS CARRYING A RH POSITIVE FETUS

A

RHOGAM - A DRUG THAT MASKS A BABIES RH ANTIGENS SO THAT DURING CHILDBIRTH THE MOTHER DOES NOT RECOGNIZE THE RH ANTIGENS AS FOREIGN AND THEREFORE DOES NOT START MAKING ANTIBODIES

102
Q

true or false

Lymphocytes are the largest leukocytes.

A

false monocytes are the largest

103
Q

The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen is

A

hemoglobin

104
Q 
Which of the following is not involved in hemostasis?
Blood clotting
Lymphocyte recruitment
Vascular spasm
Platelet plug formation
A

lymphocyte recruitment

105
Q 
The least abundant blood cell is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
basophil
neutrophil
eosinophil
erythrocyte
A

basophil

106
Q 
The percentage of whole blood occupied by red blood cells is called the
platelet count.
hematocrit.
differential.
reticulocyte count.
A

hematocrit.

107
Q

true or false

Mature erythrocytes can reproduce once they enter the bloodstream.

A

false

cannot

108
Q 
Which of the following cells do NOT have a nucleus?
neutrophils
eosinophils
leukocytes
erythrocytes
A

erythrocytes

109
Q 
Blood is considered to be a \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ tissue with a liquid extracellular matrix.
nervous
epithelial
connective
muscular
A

connective

110
Q 
The least abundant blood cell is the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_.
basophil
neutrophil
erythrocyte
eosinophil
A

basophil

111
Q 
Individuals with type A blood have \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ antibodies in the plasma.
A
neither A nor B
B
both A and B
A

B

112
Q

Which of the following blood transfusions would most likely result in severe hemolysis of the donated blood?
type AB blood transfused into a type A recipient
type O blood transfused into a type B recipient
type O blood transfused into a type A recipient
type A blood transfused into a type AB recipient.
type AB blood transfused into a type AB recipient

A

type AB blood transfused into a type A recipient

113
Q 
Ron has the B antigen and lacks the A antigen.  His blood plasma contains antibodies to Rh factor.  What blood type does he have?
B-
A+
AB+
B+
A-
A

B-

114
Q 
A person with blood type A has
A antigens on the red blood cells.
A antibodies in the plasma.
A and B antibodies in the plasma.
B antigens on the red blood cells.
A

A antigens on the red blood cells.

115
Q 
Erythrocytes, leukocytes, and platelets are collectively called the \_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_\_ elements of blood.
immune
liquid
formed
clotting
A

formed

116
Q

true or false

Plasma constitutes about 55% of the blood volume.

A

true

117
Q 
The protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen is
melatonin
erythropoietin
hemoglobin
uribilonogen
biliverdin
A

hemoglobin

Biology 5 (27 decks)

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