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Biology 5 > chap 1 > Flashcards

chap 1 Flashcards

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1
Q

The organ system that regulates the body’s activities using chemical regulators called hormones is the _______ system.

A

endocrine

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2
Q

All the bones of the body, their associated cartilages, and joints belong to the __________ system.

A

skeletal

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3
Q

The basic structural and functional units of an organism are

A

cells

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4
Q

The condition in which the body’s internal environment stays within physiological limits is known as

A

homeostasis

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5
Q

Use the appropriate directional term to complete the following statement: The stomach is __________ to the lungs.

A

inferior

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6
Q

In a negative feedback system, the response of the effector

A

reverses the original stimulus

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7
Q

For the statement below, identify whether it is true or false. If false, identify the word that makes the statement incorrect. If the statement is true, select “Statement is true” from the second dropdown.

The sagittal plane divides the body into equal superior and inferior portions.

A

false / sagittal is wrong should say transverse

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8
Q

The anatomical term for navel is

A

umbilical

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9
Q

Group of related organs that have a common function is called a(n

A

system

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10
Q

The science dealing with the functions of the body parts is called

A

physiology

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11
Q

Use the appropriate directional term to complete the following statement: The umbilical region is ___________ to the hypogastric region.

A

medial

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12
Q

For the statement below, identify whether it is true or false. If false, identify the word that makes the statement incorrect. If the statement is true, select “Statement is true” from the second dropdown.

The heart is located in the mediastinum.

A

false / pericadium

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13
Q

In anatomy and physiology, the highest level of organization is the __________.

A

organismal level

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14
Q

In the anatomical position the subject

A

is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.

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15
Q

A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information called input (nerve impulses or chemical signals) to a control center. i.e. nerve endings in the skin

A

receptor

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16
Q

A body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition.

A

effector

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17
Q

a __________ ________ system reverses a change in a controlled condition by receiving input from a receptor to the control center which interprets and regulates by sending output to an effector that produces a result. A system that regulates conditions in the body that are held relatively stable over long periods of time like body temp and blood pressure.

A

negative feedback

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18
Q

what is this example? positive or negative feedback? body temp drops, brain (control center) sends nerve impulses to skeletal muscles that cause you to shiver which generates heat and raises your temperature.

A

negative feedback

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19
Q

a ______________ ____________ system tends to strengthen ir reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. The control center still provides commands to an effector but in this case the effector produces a physiological response that adds to or reinforces the initial change in the controlled condition. The action of this system continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism.

A

positive feedback

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20
Q

what is this system? positive or negative feedback? The first contractions of labor push part of the fetus into the cervix, these stretch sensitive nerve cells monitor the amount of stretching and as stretching increases they send more nerve impulses to the brain which in turn releases the hormone oxytocin in to the blood which causes the muscles in the wall of the uterus to contract even more forcefully. This system of feedback ends with the birth of the baby.

A

positive feedback system

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21
Q

the ______ _______ sets the range of values within winch a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands when they are needed.

A

control center or integration center

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22
Q

What is it called when the body is lying face down?

A

prone position

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23
Q

what is it called when the body is lying face up?

A

supine position

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24
Q

The elbow is ________ to the wrist.

A

proximal

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25
Q

The ankle is _________ to the knee.

A

distal

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26
Q

The nose is ________ to the ears.

A

medial

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27
Q

The lips are ______ to the eyes.

A

inferior

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28
Q

The skin is _______ to muscle.

A

superficial

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29
Q

The vertebral column is ________ to the sternum.

A

posterior

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30
Q

The plane that cuts vertically into equal right and left portions.

A

sagittal

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31
Q

The plane that cuts vertically into equal anterior and posterior sections.

A

frontal or coronal

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32
Q

The plane that cuts horizontally into equal inferior and superior portions.

A

transverse

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33
Q

The plane that cuts the body or a body part at an angle.

A

oblique

34
Q

A sagittal cut that goes directly down the center.

A

midsagittal

35
Q

A sagittal cut that produces unequal left and right portions.

A

parasagittal

36
Q

what are the four quadrants?

A

RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ

37
Q

What are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic region?

A 
R and L hypochondriac
R and L Lumbar
R and L Iliac
Epigastric
umbilical
hypogastric
38
Q

which quadrant is the liver located in?

A

RUQ

39
Q

which quadrant is the stomach located in?

A

LUQ

40
Q

which quadrant is the gallbladder located in?

A

RUQ

41
Q

which quadrant is the large intestine located in?

A

RUQ and LUQ

42
Q

which quadrant is the small intestine located in?

A

all four

43
Q

substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means and that all matter is created from.

A

elements

44
Q

One or two letters that designate a particular chemical element.

A

Atomic symbol

45
Q

Number of protons

A

Atomic number (larger number located at the top)

46
Q

How much the element weighs.

A

Mass number (smaller number located at the bottom)

47
Q

_______ is just what is.

A

matter

48
Q

The functional unit of an element.

A

atom

49
Q

what does the nucleus contain?

A

protons and neutrons (these are found inside the nucleus)

50
Q

The ______ are found outside of the nucleus, they orbit the nucleus and can be transferred from one element to another or shared for form a bond.

A

Electrons

51
Q

An _____ is an atom that has either given up or gained electrons and there are both _______ and _________.

A

ion and both positively and negatively charged ions.

52
Q

This type of ion has lost electrons which are negative so it becomes what kind of ion?

A

positively charged ion

53
Q

This type of ion has gained electrons which are negative so it becomes what kind of ion?

A

negatively charged ion

54
Q

if an atom has the same number of protons and electrons it is _______.

A

neutral

55
Q

if an atom has more electrons that protons it is ________ _________.

A

negatively charged

56
Q

A chemical element notated by - H

A

hydrogen

57
Q

A chemical element notated by - C

A

carbon

58
Q

A chemical element notated by - N

A

nitrogen

59
Q

A chemical element notated by - O

A

Oxygen

60
Q

A chemical element notated by - Na

A

sodium

61
Q

A chemical element notated by - Cl

A

chlorine

62
Q

A chemical element notated by - K

A

potassium

63
Q

The strongest and most common type of bond, which shares electrons in pairs and can form single double or triple bonds by sharing.

A

Covalent bond

64
Q

Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms resulting in partial charges on atoms.

A

polar covalent bond

65
Q

Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms which produces no charge on atoms.

A

non-polar covalent bond

66
Q

Positively charged ions and negatively charged ions are attracted to one another; this force of attraction between ions of opposite charges is called an _______ _______.

A

ionic bond

67
Q

What are the two types of ionic bonds?

A

cation (Kat-I-on) which is a positively charged ion.

anion (AN-I-on) which is a negatively charged ion.

68
Q

The weakest type of bond which is an attraction between polar (two-different) molecules.

A

Hydrogen Bonds

69
Q

An ionic compound that breaks apart into cations and anions when dissolved is called an ________.

A

electrolyte

70
Q

What are the four basic types of tissues in your body?

A

epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.

71
Q

The science of structure and the relationships among structures.

A

anatomy

72
Q

Name the six levels of structural organization.

A

chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal.

73
Q

name the six body regions

A

head, neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb, groin

74
Q

bones in the wrist

A

carpals

75
Q

bones in the hand

A

metacarpals

76
Q

bones in the fingers

A

phalanges

77
Q

name for the food tube

A

esophagus

78
Q

name for the windpipe

A

trachea

79
Q

name for the breastbone

A

sternum

80
Q

spaces within the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs.

A

body cavities

81
Q

name for the chest cavity

A

thoracic cavity

Biology 5 (27 decks)

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