chap 1 Flashcards
The organ system that regulates the body’s activities using chemical regulators called hormones is the _______ system.
endocrine
All the bones of the body, their associated cartilages, and joints belong to the __________ system.
skeletal
The basic structural and functional units of an organism are
cells
The condition in which the body’s internal environment stays within physiological limits is known as
homeostasis
Use the appropriate directional term to complete the following statement: The stomach is __________ to the lungs.
inferior
In a negative feedback system, the response of the effector
reverses the original stimulus
For the statement below, identify whether it is true or false. If false, identify the word that makes the statement incorrect. If the statement is true, select “Statement is true” from the second dropdown.
The sagittal plane divides the body into equal superior and inferior portions.
false / sagittal is wrong should say transverse
The anatomical term for navel is
umbilical
Group of related organs that have a common function is called a(n
system
The science dealing with the functions of the body parts is called
physiology
Use the appropriate directional term to complete the following statement: The umbilical region is ___________ to the hypogastric region.
medial
For the statement below, identify whether it is true or false. If false, identify the word that makes the statement incorrect. If the statement is true, select “Statement is true” from the second dropdown.
The heart is located in the mediastinum.
false / pericadium
In anatomy and physiology, the highest level of organization is the __________.
organismal level
In the anatomical position the subject
is standing upright facing the observer with the palms forward.
A body structure that monitors changes in a controlled condition and sends information called input (nerve impulses or chemical signals) to a control center. i.e. nerve endings in the skin
receptor
A body structure that receives output from the control center and produces a response that changes the controlled condition.
effector
a __________ ________ system reverses a change in a controlled condition by receiving input from a receptor to the control center which interprets and regulates by sending output to an effector that produces a result. A system that regulates conditions in the body that are held relatively stable over long periods of time like body temp and blood pressure.
negative feedback
what is this example? positive or negative feedback? body temp drops, brain (control center) sends nerve impulses to skeletal muscles that cause you to shiver which generates heat and raises your temperature.
negative feedback
a ______________ ____________ system tends to strengthen ir reinforce a change in one of the body’s controlled conditions. The control center still provides commands to an effector but in this case the effector produces a physiological response that adds to or reinforces the initial change in the controlled condition. The action of this system continues until it is interrupted by some mechanism.
positive feedback
what is this system? positive or negative feedback? The first contractions of labor push part of the fetus into the cervix, these stretch sensitive nerve cells monitor the amount of stretching and as stretching increases they send more nerve impulses to the brain which in turn releases the hormone oxytocin in to the blood which causes the muscles in the wall of the uterus to contract even more forcefully. This system of feedback ends with the birth of the baby.
positive feedback system
the ______ _______ sets the range of values within winch a controlled condition should be maintained, evaluates the input it receives from receptors and generates output commands when they are needed.
control center or integration center
What is it called when the body is lying face down?
prone position
what is it called when the body is lying face up?
supine position
The elbow is ________ to the wrist.
proximal
The ankle is _________ to the knee.
distal
The nose is ________ to the ears.
medial
The lips are ______ to the eyes.
inferior
The skin is _______ to muscle.
superficial
The vertebral column is ________ to the sternum.
posterior
The plane that cuts vertically into equal right and left portions.
sagittal
The plane that cuts vertically into equal anterior and posterior sections.
frontal or coronal
The plane that cuts horizontally into equal inferior and superior portions.
transverse
The plane that cuts the body or a body part at an angle.
oblique
A sagittal cut that goes directly down the center.
midsagittal
A sagittal cut that produces unequal left and right portions.
parasagittal
what are the four quadrants?
RUQ, LUQ, RLQ, LLQ
What are the nine regions of the abdominopelvic region?
R and L hypochondriac R and L Lumbar R and L Iliac Epigastric umbilical hypogastric
which quadrant is the liver located in?
RUQ
which quadrant is the stomach located in?
LUQ
which quadrant is the gallbladder located in?
RUQ
which quadrant is the large intestine located in?
RUQ and LUQ
which quadrant is the small intestine located in?
all four
substances that cannot be split into simpler substances by ordinary chemical means and that all matter is created from.
elements
One or two letters that designate a particular chemical element.
Atomic symbol
Number of protons
Atomic number (larger number located at the top)
How much the element weighs.
Mass number (smaller number located at the bottom)
_______ is just what is.
matter
The functional unit of an element.
atom
what does the nucleus contain?
protons and neutrons (these are found inside the nucleus)
The ______ are found outside of the nucleus, they orbit the nucleus and can be transferred from one element to another or shared for form a bond.
Electrons
An _____ is an atom that has either given up or gained electrons and there are both _______ and _________.
ion and both positively and negatively charged ions.
This type of ion has lost electrons which are negative so it becomes what kind of ion?
positively charged ion
This type of ion has gained electrons which are negative so it becomes what kind of ion?
negatively charged ion
if an atom has the same number of protons and electrons it is _______.
neutral
if an atom has more electrons that protons it is ________ _________.
negatively charged
A chemical element notated by - H
hydrogen
A chemical element notated by - C
carbon
A chemical element notated by - N
nitrogen
A chemical element notated by - O
Oxygen
A chemical element notated by - Na
sodium
A chemical element notated by - Cl
chlorine
A chemical element notated by - K
potassium
The strongest and most common type of bond, which shares electrons in pairs and can form single double or triple bonds by sharing.
Covalent bond
Bonding electrons shared unequally between two atoms resulting in partial charges on atoms.
polar covalent bond
Bonding electrons shared equally between two atoms which produces no charge on atoms.
non-polar covalent bond
Positively charged ions and negatively charged ions are attracted to one another; this force of attraction between ions of opposite charges is called an _______ _______.
ionic bond
What are the two types of ionic bonds?
cation (Kat-I-on) which is a positively charged ion.
anion (AN-I-on) which is a negatively charged ion.
The weakest type of bond which is an attraction between polar (two-different) molecules.
Hydrogen Bonds
An ionic compound that breaks apart into cations and anions when dissolved is called an ________.
electrolyte
What are the four basic types of tissues in your body?
epithelial tissue, connective tissue, muscular tissue, and nervous tissue.
The science of structure and the relationships among structures.
anatomy
Name the six levels of structural organization.
chemical, cellular, tissue, organ, system, organismal.
name the six body regions
head, neck, trunk, upper limb, lower limb, groin
bones in the wrist
carpals
bones in the hand
metacarpals
bones in the fingers
phalanges
name for the food tube
esophagus
name for the windpipe
trachea
name for the breastbone
sternum
spaces within the body that contain, protect, separate, and support internal organs.
body cavities
name for the chest cavity
thoracic cavity
