Chap 4 (bio 5) Flashcards
what are the four major types of tissue
epithelial
connective
muscle
nervous
a collection of specialized cells of similar structure that perform common functions
tissues
cells that line or cover all body surfaces, have no blood supply (avascular) tightly packed together, and are usually always found next to a connective tissue, they also helps to form glands.
epithelial tissue
epithelial tissues that synthesizes and secretes a protein
gland
two types of glands in epithelial tissue
exocrine and endocrine
these glands have a duct, secrete their products that empty on the surface of the skin, or lumen of an organ
Exocrine
EX: sweat glands
These glands are ductless and secrete hormones directly into the blood stream.
Endocrine
how are epithelium tissue classified
by how many layers and by their shape
there are three classifications of layers in epithelium tissue in
simple
stratified
psuedostratified
single layer of epithelial tissue
simple
multiple layers of epithelial tissue
stratified
appears to be multiple layers but is actually just one layer of cells
psuedostratified
there are three classifications of shape in epithelium tissue
squamous
cuboidal
columnar
flat, squishy, squashy are called
squamous
cube like are called
cuboidal
long and thin are called
columnar
one layer of flat and thin tissue is called
simple squamous epithelium
what is the function of simple squamous epithelium
filtration and diffusion
what is the location of simple squamous epithelium
lines blood vessels, alveoli of lungs, and heart
one layer of long and thin tissue is called
simple columnar epithelium
what is the function of simple columnar epithelium
secretion and absorption
what is the location of simple columnar epithelium
digestive tract and uterine tubes
these are found in exocrine glands and they secrete mucus
goblet cells
there are two varieties of simple columnar EPI
ciliated and non-ciliated
what is the difference between ciliated and non-ciliated
ciliated have hair-like projectiles on the surface that move things.
where do you find the non-ciliated simple columnar epithelium
in the digestive tract where propulsion is already in place and so the cilia is not needed
where do you find the ciliated simple columnar epithelium
in the uterine where they provide propulsion
This tissue looks layered but is actually a single layer that contains lots of goblet cells and lots of cilia that traps things and moves it up and out,
Psuedostratified ciliated columnar EPI
what is the function of Psuedostratified ciliated columnar EPI
to produce mucous and propels it out of the body
Where is Psuedostratified ciliated columnar EPI located
Upper respiratory tract
This tissue is multiple layered and flat EPI
stratified squamous EPI
what is the function of stratified squamous EPI
protection
there are two kinds of stratified squamous EPI
Keratinized and non-keratinized
What is the difference between keratinized and non-keratinized
keratinized contains the protein keratin which is a protein that adds water proofing.
where do you find non-keratinized stratified squamous
lining the mouth, esophagus, and vagina
where do you find keratinized stratified squamous
epidermis
This tissue is always stratified but it transitions depending on its state of stretch
Transitional EPI
what is the function of transitional EPI
stretch
what is the location of transitional EPI
urinary bladder
This type of tissue connects things. It supports the organs, and holds parts of the body together.
connective tissue
what is the extracellular matrix of connective tissue
non-living extra-cellular material found between the cells, composed of ground substance and fibers that is mostly water and proteins
fibers determine the characteristics of the tissue, the cells are spread out; good blood supply (with few exceptions)
connective tissue
what are the three types of fibers found in connective tissue extracellular matrix
collagen
elastic
reticular
this type of fiber is strong, it has high tensile strength, but flexible, it is the thickest fiber, very very strong and resists pulling
collagen
this type of fiber is strong and stretchy; most importantly it returns to its original shape
elastic
this type of fiber forms a network that provide support (stroma) it is like a delicate mesh like net
reticular
There are 7 types of connective tissue what are they
1 - areolar 2 - adipose 3 - dense regular 4 - dense irregular 5 - cartilage 6 - bone 7 - blood
two of the connective tissues are loosely arranged fibers what are they
areolar and adipose
two of the connective tissues are densely packed fibers what are they
dense regular and dense irregular
this connective tissue is found underneath almost all epithelium and is highly vascular
areolar connective tissue
what is the function of areolar
strength, elasticity, and support
what is the location of areolar
surrounds organs and blood vessels, as well as under epithelial tissues.
this connective tissue is basically fat or specialized for the storage of fat and its nucleus is pushed way off to the side
adipose connective tissue
what is the function of adipose connective tissue
energy storage, cushioning, and insulation
what is the location of adipose connective tissue
subcutaneous layer deep to the skin, around kidneys and heart, and the yellow bone marrow
this tissue is made up of densely packed together collagen fibers that run in parallel arrays and is shiny and white
dense regular connective tissue
what is the function of dense regular CT
resists pulling in one direction
what is the location of dense regular CT
tendons connecting muscle to bone
ligaments connecting bone to bone
this tissue is made up of densely packed together collaged fibers that are arranged in an irregular fashion, they run in all different directions
dense irregular CT
what is the function of dense irregular CT
resists pulling in multiple directions
what is the location of dense irregular CT
deepest layer of the skin (dermis)
This connective tissue is a little more solid but not completely and has little to no blood supply there are three types (we are only studying 2)
cartilage
what is the function of cartilage
maintains the structure of body parts and protects and cushions joints
the cell site of cartilage
chondrocytes
the little hole or pocket that chondrocytes reside in
lacuna or lacunae
what are the 2 types of cartilage we are studying
hyaline cartilage and fibrocartilage
what is the location of hyaline cartilage
ends of bones and fetal skeleton
what is the location of fibrocartilage
intervertebral discs
what is the ear made of
cartilage
This tissue type is calcified or has a hardened matrix
bone
what is the function of bone
support and protection
what is the location of bone
the skeleton
This is the only liquid connective tissue and its matrix is fluid
blood and lymph
what is the function of blood and lymph
transport and regulation
These line each body cavity in the body
tissue membranes
there are two types of tissue membrane one has a double layer and one does not
serous membrane - double layer
mucous membrane
this type of membrane lines internal body cavities to reduce friction
serous membrane
what and where are the three types of serous membrane
pleural - around the lungs (pleura)
peritoneal - lining the cavity of the abdomen and the abdominal organs (peritoneum)
pericardial - around the heart (pericardium)
this type of membrane lines the airways, digestive tract, and reproductive passage, its mucous lubricates the surface and aids in protection
mucous membrane
where are the mucous membranes found
in the respiratory system and the digestive tract
There are two layers or double layers of the serous membrane name them, where are they and what do they do
visceral layer - lines organs
parietal layer - lines the cavity
secrete serous fluid between layers
This type of tissue is made up of cells that will shorten when excited creating movement
muscle tissue
there are three types of muscle tissue
skeletal
cardiac
smooth
there are two forms the muscle tissue come in
striated and non-striated
which two muscle tissue types are striated
skeletal and cardiac
which muscle tissue type is non-striated
smooth
This tissue type is made of cells that can generate and transmit electrical messages
nervous tissue
there are two parts of the nervous tissue
neurons
neuroglia
what is the function of the neurons in nervous tissue
to transmit nerve impulses
what is the function of the neuroglia in nervous tissue
to surround and protect neurons and to supply nutrients
The process that replaces worn-out, damaged, or dead tissue cells is called
tissue repair
list the tissues in order for their ability to repair from greatest to least
epithelial
connective
muscular
nervous