Chapter 33 Between the world wars: the classical tradition

Question 1

Les six

Answer 1

Les six strong influence of neoclassicism but sought to escape the old political dichotomies Arthur Honegger 1892-1955, Darius Milhaud 1892-1975 Francis Poulenc 1888-1963 Germaine Tailleferre 1892-1983 most intune with neoclassicm drawing on rameau Georges Auric 1899-1983 and Louis Durey 1888-1979 seeking to free french music from foreign domination- influenced by satie Collboarted briefly
Honegger0 music of dynamic action and graphic gesture, short berated melodies strong ostinato rhythm bold colors and dissonant harmonies symphonic movement pacific 231 1923 oratorio king david Grgorian chant to kazz
Milhaud chamber music 18 string quartets, piano film music operas, music for children Ballet- le boeuf sur le toi 1919 - brazilian folk melodies and rhythms and opera oratorio christophe colomb 1928
Poulenc- influenced by cabarets, satirical mimicry opera les mamelles de tiresias 1940 3 act opera Dialogues of the carmelites 1956

Question 2

New objectivity

Answer 2

german opposed complexity and promoted the use of familiar elements borrowing from popular music and jazz ro from classical and baroque procedures. Ex Ernst Krenek 1900-1991 opera Jonny spielt auf set in present time, interaction of european composer and a Black jazz musician

Question 3

Kurt Weill

Answer 3

1900-1950 berlin, exponent of new objectivity opera Aufstieg und fall der stadt mahagonny 1930 popular music- failures of capitalism most famous collab between weill and brecht die dreigroschenoper 1928 3 penny opera based on beggars opera parodied american hit songs. Ex musicals knickerbocker holiday 1938 and lost in the stars 1948- about apartheid

Question 4

Paul Hindemith

Answer 4

1895-1963 composer , violinist, violist and conductor. Expressionist piece opera murder hope of women 1919 New objectivity focus of musical procedure kammermusik 1922 mathis der maler in response to Nazis (new romantic)

Question 5

Gebrauchsmusik

Answer 5

term from the 1920s to describe music that was socially relevant and useful, especially music for amateurs, children or workers to play or sing

Question 6

Carl orff

Answer 6

one of the few german composers during the nazi era 1895-1982 Carmina Burana 1936 for chorus and orchestra neo modal idiom drones, ostinatos, harmonic stasis.

Question 7

Soviet Union

Answer 7

Soviet union arts regulated 1934 Socilaist realism this doctrine called for using a reeealistic style in works that portrayed socialism in a positive light showing signs of progress under the soviet state and celebrating revolutionary ideoloy

Question 8

Sergey Prokofiev

Answer 8

soviet moved to US 1891-1953 radical modernist initial reputation THe love of 3 oranges 1921 ballet Returned to russia in 1936 ROmeo and Juliet 1935 and symphonic fairy tale peter and the wolf 1936

Question 9

Dmitri Shostakovich

Answer 9

1906-1975 soviet 1st symphony 1926 traditional with experimentation. Opera Lady Machbeth of the mtsensk district 1934 modernist and surrealist - almost got introuble by stalin response was 5th symphony Mahler 7th symphony 1921 symbol of war against nazi

Question 10

Claude Champagne

Answer 10

1891-1965 cnadaian ex Suite canadienne 1927 nationalist folk music with french chansons

Question 11

Heitor Villa Lobos

Answer 11

1887-1959 brazil traditional brazlain elements with modern techniques Choros 1920-28 14 pieces syncopated ostinatos polytonality polyrhythms

Question 12

Carlos chavez

Answer 12

1899-1978 mexico new nationalism ballets on azetec scenarios sinfonia india 1935

Question 13

Silvestre REvueltas

Answer 13

1899-1940 mexico modernist idiom sensemaya 1938 symphonic poem layers ostinatos

Question 14

Edfard Varese

Answer 14

1883-1965 moved to NY ameriques 1918 framentary melodies debussy and schoenberg influence- strong dissonance and chromatin saturation

Question 15

Spatial

Answer 15

pertaining to a conception of music as sounds moving through musical space rather than as the presentation and variation of themes or motives.

Question 16

Sound masses

Answer 16

Term coined by Varese for a body of sounds characterized by a particular timbre, register, rhythm or melodies gesture which may remain stable or may be transformed as it occurs.

Question 17

Henry Cowell

Answer 17

1897-1965 Us The tides of manaunaum 1917- experimental uses TONE CLUSTERS

Question 18

TOne CLusters

Answer 18

chords of diatonic or chromatin seconds produced by pressing the keys with the fist or forearm THe Aeolian harp 1923 player strums the piano strings while holdingdown 3 and 4 note chords on the keyboard. Wrote new musical resources 1930

Question 19

Ruth Crawford Seeger

Answer 19

1901-1953 cowell published her works. Experimental and serial techniques preserve folk songs.Best known work string quartet 1931 1st mov 4 thematic ideas unfold in dissonant counterpoint

Question 20

Aaron Copland

Answer 20

1900-1990 modernism with american idioms Music for the theatre 1925- jazz elements and strong dissonances rodeo 1942 cowboy songs other famous works Appalachian spring 1943 includes variations on shaker hym tis the gift to be simple wide spaced sonorities, diaotnic dissoances . inscape 1867- 12 tone technique

Question 21

Willian Grant Still

Answer 21

1895-1978 Black 1st to confuct a major symphony orch in US, 1st opera produced by a major company in us TROUBLE ISLAND . Afro-Ameircan Symphony 1930 jazz influences

Question 22

Virgil Thomson

Answer 22

1869-1989 Loved satir-avant gardism simple, direct, playful and focused onthe present. Opera- Four saints in 3 acts 1927 with Gertude Stein 4 acts, word without meaning. Simplicity in Variations on sunday school tunes 1926 2nd opera The mother of us all 1947 based on the life of the women’s suffrage leader susan b anthony hymnody, marches and waltzes