Chapter 24 the romantic generation: song and piano music 1815

Question 1

19th century musicians

Answer 1

• freelancers, less courts to work for- Virtuosos specialized in one instrument with displays of technical mastery. Composers specialized Verdi- Opera Chopin- piano
  PIano- home, women Clara Schumann

Question 2

Publishing

Answer 2

and music store increased in the 19th century. Use of lithography 1796 print music cheaply with elaborate illustrations

Question 3

Music 19th century ideas

Answer 3

MUsic- accessible, tuneful melodies, attractive accomp, little counterpoint, uniform rhythm evocative titles, national or exocitc association, 4 bar phrasing but competition to be published also led to nonharmonic tones, unexpected progressions, chromatin chords ROMANTIC STYLE
Beethoven between classical and romantic.
Instrumental music the ideal for romantic art because it was free from the concreteness of words could evoke impressions, thoughts and feelings beyond the power of words

Question 4

Absolute music

Answer 4

independent of words, drama, visual images, or any kind of representational aspects. New in the 19th century

Question 5

Characteristic/ descriptive

Answer 5

instrumental music that depicts or suggests a mood, personality or scene, usually indicated in its title

Question 6

Program music

Answer 6

instrumental music that tells as tory or follows a narrative or other sequence of events, often spelling out in an accompanying text called a program.

Question 7

Program text

Answer 7

to accompany an instrumental work of program music, describing the sequence of events depicted in the music

Question 8

Character piece

Answer 8

a piece of characteristic music, especially for the piano

Question 9

German lied

Answer 9

most influential and prestigious repertoire of the 19th century. A fusion of music and poetry, centering around expression of individual feeling with aspects of folk style. Theme was an individual confronting the greater forces of nature or society or nature as a metaphor for human experience. Lyric- type of poem, shorts trophic on one subject expressing a personal feeling or viewpoint.

Question 10

Ballad

Answer 10

• poetry, imitation of folk ballads, alternate narrative and dialogue, romantic,longer, wider palette of moods. Great for lieder

Question 11

Liederkreis /song cycle

Answer 11

Liederkreis /song cycle all songs were to be performed in order. Common theme, texts by same poet, could tell a story through a succession of songs.

Question 12

Franz Schubert

Answer 12

LIED 1797-1828 LIED wrote over 600 (Schubertiad performances) Two most famous song cycles are Die Schone Mullerin 1823 and Winterreise 1827 with poems by Wihelm Muller. Music is = to the words. Often used strophic form ex Heidenroslein 1815. Erlkonig 1815- through composed. Gretchen am Spinnrade 1814 piano represents the spinning 16th notes. OFten switches between major and minor Standchen

Question 13

Modified strophic

Answer 13

c form contrast or change is depicted where music reapers for some strophes but other vary it or use new music. Der atlas AAB

Question 14

Robert 1810-1856 and Clara Schumann

Answer 14

Robert 1810-1856 and Clara Schumann LIED successor of Schubert
Wrote over 120 songs in 1840. LOve songs including the song cycles Dichterliebe (poems by Heinrich Heine) and Frauenliebe und leben. Voice and piano are equal parts. Single figuration throughout to convey the central emotion. First song in dichterliebe Im wunderschönen Monat Mai - tentative feelings are expressed in harmonic ambiguity in the opening. Also the music signals that his love may remain unrequited by refusing to settle into a key and ending on a dominant 7th.

Question 15

Parlor songs

Answer 15

• Canada and USA song for home music making sometimes performed in public concerts as well, strophic or in verse refrain form, with piano preludes and postludes. Piano is accomp not equal. Ex Home! Sweet Home! By Henry Bishop 1786-1855. From the opera Clari. Canada- James P cLarke 1807-1877 Lays of the maple lead 1853

Question 16

Stephen Foster

Answer 16

1826-1864. 1848 oh! Susanna. First american to earn a living solely as a composer. COmbo of styles,american minstrel, british balla, german lieder. Jeanie with the light brown hair 1863

Question 17

Piano studies

Answer 17

Important Muzio Clementi’s Gradus and Paranassum 1817-26- 100 exercies of increasing difficulty and ETUDES (studies) method books- beethoven student Czerny. CHopin and lizart- etudes worthy of performance.

Question 18

Schubert piano-

Answer 18

moments musicaux 1823 and eight impromptus 1827 models of short lyrical pieces that create a distinctive mood. Larger work Wandere Fantasy 1822- 4 linked movements, variations on his song der wanderer.

Question 19

Felix Mendelssohn

Answer 19

leading romantic german composers 1809-1847 Emphazied fluent technique over bravura display. Seven Charcter Pieces 1827 Best known are his Lieder ohne Worte (Songs wihtout words) 48 short pieces in 8 books. Balancing of bass, harmony in right with melody- respond to players varying touch

Question 20

Clara schumann-

Answer 20

performed in public and composed, included polonaises , waltzes , variations, preludes and figure Sonata in G minor 1841 fanny mendelssohn only performed in private including her own works. Rewrote over 400 pieces ex Das Jahr 1841

Question 21

Robert Schumann Piano-

Answer 21

Robert Schumann Piano- up until 1840 al published works were for piano ex Papillions and Album Fur die Jugend.

Question 22

Fryderyk Chopin

Answer 22

1810-1849 200 hundred piano pieces beginner to advanced. Created the concert etude etudes with significant artist content often played at concerts. 24 preludes LOVE no 4 in e minor 1836-39 covers all the major and minor keys. Waltzes, mazurkas (polish folk dance) and polonaises. Used rubato - departure from the regular plies. Ex large work sonata no 2 finale bflat minor op 35 funeral march - liberates piano from imitation of choral or ensemble textures.

Question 23

Nocturnes

Answer 23

short mood pieces with beautiful, embellished melodies song without words. - virtuoso elements.

Question 24

Ballades

Answer 24

longer, more demanding, usually name for vocal piece. Polish

Question 25

Franz liszt

Answer 25

• 1811-1886 amazing pianist. e x pieve Album d’un voyager. First to perform RECITALS- solo concerts in large halls. Hungarian roots ex. Hungarian rhapsodies for piano. Inspired by violinist paganini to be the best. Elaborate harmonic and melodic decoration of a dissonant sonority = romantic style. Only one sonata in B minor 1853- masterpiece of formal innovation 4 main themes. Arranged opera music and transcriptions of schubert, berlioz and beethoven.

Question 26

Louis Moreau Gottschalk

Answer 26

american pianist and composer 1829-1869. Ex composition postion Souvenir de porto rico.