Chapter 30 The early 20th century

Question 1

Popular and stage music-

Answer 1

Tin pan alley still popular ex taken me out to the ball game 1908. Stage/ operetta US, britain baris ex Franz Lehar’s the merry wido and Victor Herbert babes in toyland 1903 and naughty marietta 1910

Question 2

Musicals

Answer 2

• songs and dance numbers in styles drawn frompopuilar music in the context of a spoken play with a comic or romantic plot. GEorge edwards Little johnny jones 1904- Give my regards to broadway

Question 3

Film

Answer 3

SIlent films 1890s first Emile Reynaud’s pantomimes lumineuses 1892. Music played to convey drama and cover the projectors sound.
Film score Joseph Carl Breil 1870-1926 D.W. Giffiths the birth of a nation 1915

Question 4

Band music-

Answer 4

moved into not just military music . THings written soley for band and not orchestra ex Site no 1 in e flat 1909 and 2 in f 1911 by Gustav Holst English folk song suite 1923 by Ralph Vaughan Willians - Folk songs for themes.
African American bands- James Reese Europe, Tim Brymn, Ford Dabney- performed from notations, swinging and syncopated style.

Question 5

Ragtime

Answer 5

-1890s dances brass and concert bands . syncopated and ragged rhythm against a march like bass. Piano music now but was all ensemble music and song. Cake walk
Rags- instrumental works , especially piano and cakewalks and rags.
Marion Cook 1869-1944 new rhythms, ragtime, broadway Clorinday or the origins of cakewalk 1898
Scott Joplin 1867-1917 leading ragtime composer opera treemonisha 1910 PIANO RAGS- maple leaf rag 1899

Question 6

Jazz

Answer 6

• started around 1910 Black rootes- diverse tradition encompassing many styles, genres, and social roles mix of ragtime and dance music with elements of blues. Anticipation of beats, uneven rendering of successions of equal note values. New orleans player Jelly Roll Morton.

Question 7

Gustav Mahler

Answer 7

1890-1911 austro-german symphonies voice and orchestra CONDUCTOR.
5 orch song cycles and 9 symphonies art song Lieder eines fahrenden Gesellen 1883 appear in the opening and closing of his 1st symphonie used voices in 4 of his symphonies - 2nd symphony 1888 convey a sense of life experience large orchestra, detailed program notes Kindertotenlieder 1901- orchestral song cycle on poems of Ruckert Spare use of instruments in 1st song. Post wagnerian harmony

Question 8

Strauss operas

Answer 8

First Guntram 1892 was a failure- 1st success Salome based on a play by Oscare wilde strauss adapted the libretto. Harmonically complex dissonant music. 1905 wagner and mozart leitmotifs and association of certain keys with particular characters. Elektra 1906 playwright hugo von Hofmannsthal 7 operas- more chromaticism, dissonance and tonal instability. Der rosnekavalier 1909 stylized eroticism, aristocratic

Question 9

Claude Debussy

Answer 9

1862-1918 sensibility taste restraint asia, medieval chabrier. Impressiosion and symbolism evokes a mood motives don’t need to develop, dissonances don’t need to resolve images piano- ex L’esle joyeuse 1903 each motive is different in every way tonal center, chromatics and whole tone chords that don’t dissolve Children’s corner 1906 orch.- ex three nocturnes 1897 imagist nuages full ensemble in Fetes and wireless female chores in sirenes. Oscillating otter of 5th and 3rd = slowly moving clouds, timbre ABA only opera Pelleas et melisande 1893 influenced by tristen und isolde. Influenced modern composers ravel, puccini, berg (modern generation)

Question 10

Maurice Ravel

Answer 10

1875-1937 impressiom ex Jeux d’eau 1901 parllel dissonant chords , rushing scales- water other ex Rapsodie espagnole 1907 Classical forms ex string quartet in f 1902 PIano concerto for left hand 1929- jazz elements spanish idioms bolero 1928

Question 11

Manuel de Falla

Answer 11

1876-1946 spain reclaim national tradition. Folk song opera La vida Breve 1904 El retablo de maese pedro.

Question 12

Ralph Vaughan Williams

Answer 12

1872-1958 folk songs Norfolk Rhapsodies 1905. 9 symphonies film score, works for band, orch opera, songs folk song and english hymnody ex Fantasia on a theme of thomas tallis 1910 tallis hymns in phrygian mode

Question 13

Leos Janacek

Answer 13

1854-1928 leading 20th century composer national style- important! Opera Cunning little vixen 1924 repeating and juxtaposing ideas like debussy JENUFA morvaian subject 1904

Question 14

Jean Sibelius

Answer 14

finland 1865-1957 based alot on Kalevala a finnish national epic. Symphonic poems Kullervo and FInlandia modal melodies, uncomplicated rhythms rotational form cycling through a series of thematic elements that are varied each time.

Question 15

Sergei Rachmaninov

Answer 15

russian moved to US 1873-1943 pianist 3 symphonies symphonic poem the isle of the dead 1907 and the choral symphony the bells 1913 24 preludes 1892-1910 rhapsody on a theme of paganini piano and orch 1934 melodious idiom

Question 16

Alexander Seriabin

Answer 16

1872-1915 nocturns prelude etudes mazurkas- chopin added chromaticism, octatonic scale ex works Poem of ecstasy (lights in concert all synaesthesia) 1908 and prometheus 1910

Question 17

Post-tonal music

Answer 17

after 1900that does not adhere to tonality but instead uses any of the new ways that composers found to organize pitch from atonality to neotonality.

Question 18

Avant-garde

Answer 18

departure from conventions, exploring new territory modernists, Schoenberg, art that seeks to overthrow accepted aesthetics and start fresh

Question 19

Erik satie

Answer 19

1866-1923 Gymnopedies 1888 for piano ostentatiously plain and unemotional Three pieces in the form of the pear 1903 wrote direction in the music- play for ones own enjoyment. Musique d’ameublement - meant to be played during intermission and not listened to. Influenced poulenc milhaud thomson and cage. Used traditional instruments - with added sound

Question 20

Futurists italian

Answer 20

• rejected traditional instruments In the art of noises futurist manifesto 1913 new kind of music based on noise. Music was stale new instruments intuonarumori Russolo composer- only 1 piece services