Chapter 1 music in antiquity

Question 1

Antiquity

Answer 1

he ancient past, especially the period before the Middle Ages.

Question 2

music/ instruments 36000 bce Babylonian

Answer 2

oral tradition, Flutes, Rattle drums Bronze Age- metal instruments bells horns, cymbals strings

Question 3

where was music performed/ instruments 2500 bce

Answer 3

lyres and harps wedding, funerals, military, work, nursery dance, tavern

Question 4

Earliest known composer

Answer 4

Enheduanna high priestess of ur wrote hymns

Question 5

Babylonian tuning and notation

Answer 5

used the 7 note diatonic scale and used their names for intervals to create the earliest known musical notation

Question 6

Greek instruments BCE

Answer 6

aulos- pipe, change note by position of reed in the mouth. lyre 7 strings kithara large lyre

Question 7

Melos / Plato

Answer 7

music as a performing art , he believed Melos was a blend on text, rhythm and Harmonia (relationship among pitches) Aristotle wrote Poetics

Question 8

Monophonic

Answer 8

single melodic line

Question 9

heterophony

Answer 9

instruments embellish while soloist /chorus sang unembellished

Question 10

Pythagoras

Answer 10

credited for discovering the octave, 5th and 4th, simplest possible ratios. Numbers octave 2:1 fifth 3:2 fourth 4:3 divided string

Question 11

Harmonia

Answer 11

the unification of parts in an orderly whole because musical sounds and rhythms were ordered by numbers

Question 12

Ethos

Answer 12

ones ethical character or way of being and behaving

music effects ethos. Aristotle explained how music affecter behavior in his Politics

Question 13

Earliest theoretical work

Answer 13

Harmonic Elements and Rhythmic Elements 330 by Aristoxenus

Question 14

diastematic

Answer 14

voice moves between sustained pitches separated by discrete intervals (formed between 2 notes of different pitch) Aristoxenus theory

Question 15

scale 330 BCE

Answer 15

series of three or more different pitches. Ascending or descending.

Question 16

Tetrachord

Answer 16

4 notes spanning a perfect 4 th 3 types (genus) diatonic chromatic and enharmonic. two connected tetrachords could be conjunct (shared a note) or disjunct separated by a whole tone

Question 17

Greater Perfect System

Answer 17

system of tetrachords spanning over 2 octaves (Hyperbolaion, Diezeugmenon, Meson, Hypaton, Proslambanomenos)

Question 18

Cleonides

Answer 18

is the author of a Greek treatise on music theory titled Introduction to Harmonics. leonides’ treatise is the clearest account of the technical aspects of Aristoxenus’s musical theory

Question 19

Species

Answer 19

limited number of ways the tones and semi tones could be put 4th, 5ths and octaves (mixolydian, lydian, Phrygian, dorian, hypolydian, hypophrygian, hypodorian)

Question 20

Tonoi

Answer 20

a scale or set of pitches within a specific range or region of the voice

Question 21

Ancient Greek music notation/ remaining

Answer 21

chorus from plays by Euripides 485-406 BCE, letters and other signs above text to write music

Question 22

Epitaph of Seikilos

Answer 22

The Seikilos epitaph is the oldest surviving complete musical composition, including musical notation,1st or the 2nd century CE. The song, the melody of which is recorded, alongside its lyrics, in the ancient Greek musical notation, was found engraved on a tombstone (a stele) either the Phrygian octave species or Iastian tonos. While older music with notation exists all of it is in fragments; the Seikilos epitaph is unique in that it is a complete, though short, composition