CHapter 12 the rise of instrumental music

Question 1

16th century instrumental music

Answer 1

Instrumental was functional not listened to for its own sake

16th century more was written down new genres- Variations, prelude, fantasia, Toccata, ricercare, canzona and sonata

Question 2

Musica getutscht

Answer 2

Instruments BOOK Sebastian Virdung’s Musica getutscht 1511 described instruments, tuning etc.
And Michael Praetorius book Syntagma musicum
Performers need to be able to play multiple instruments

Question 3

Instrumental families

Answer 3

uniform timbre ranging from soprano to bass WIND AND STRING

Question 4

Consort

Answer 4

instrumental ensemble of 4-7 instruments

Composers did not specify instruments until the end of the 16th century

Question 5

Wind 16th

Answer 5

• recorders, transverse flute, shawms, cornetts, trumpets NEW sackbut trombone crumhorn double reed lips do not touch because its enclosed in a cap BAgpipe sound

Question 6

Percussion 16th

Answer 6

Percussion- tabor, side drums ,kettle drums, cymbals, triangles and bells

Question 7

Strings

Answer 7

Strings Lute most popular introduced by the Arabs into spain, pear shaped rounded back, flat fingerboard 1 single and 5 double strings plucked spanish lute was called vihuela
Viol or viola da gamba spanish mid 15th century - distant cousin VIOLIN tuned 5th rather than 4ths early 16th century

Question 8

keyboards

Answer 8

Pipe organs KEY BOARDS Clavichord solo for smaller rooms and Harpsichord solo and ensemble playing other names virginal and clavecin
5 categories of renaissance instrumental music

Question 9

dance music 16th

Answer 9

DANCE MUSIC popular , 16th century printed, improvised melody ,distinct sections, usually repeated
Favorite courtly dance Basse danse couple dance, gracefully raising and lowering of the body
Branle gay lively triple side step ex Attaingnants collection Dansieries a 4 parties 1547
Slow dance followed by fast ex Pavane and galliard ex Claude Gervaise 1555 D’Angleterre and Galliard AABBCC

Question 10

Intabulations

Answer 10

arrangements of vocal pieces written in tablature lute and keyboard composer Luys de Narvaez 1526-49 variations of Josquins Mille regretz 1538

Question 11

organ mass/ setting of existing melody

Answer 11

Organs improvised gregorian chants , alternating segments could be singing and organ playing Organ verses or versets ex Kyrie by Girolamo Cavazzoni Organ Mass compilation of all the sections of the mass for which the organ would play

Question 12

In Nomines / variations/ theme/ ostinatos

Answer 12

is a title given to a large number of pieces of English polyphonic, predominantly instrumental music, first composed during the 16th century. Imitating each other
VARIATIONS used for independent instrumental pieces not dance. Combines changes with repetition taking a theme an exciting or newly composed tune, bass line, harmonic plan and presenting an uninterrupted series of varients on the theme. Showcase variety
First variations 1508 lute tablatures of joan Ambrosio Dalza repetition of each strand or several varierns of a single strain ostinatos short pass lines repeated over and over passamezzo antico and moderno e Navaez Guardame las vacas and Antonio de Cabezon 1510-1566

Question 13

Parthenia/ English keyboard composers

Answer 13

English keyboard composes English virginalists William Byrd, John Bull and ORlando Gibbons collection Parthenia 1613 like to vary melodies, dance or familiar songs ex bryds Pavana Lachrymae based on Dowland’s lute song flow my tears kept outline of melody in right hand and added short accompanying motives or decorative runs

Question 14

Preludes

Answer 14

Preludes, fantasias and Ricercare spain and italy, intro setting up tonality composer- Luis Mila 1500-1561 collection El maestro 1536

Question 15

Toccata keyboard,

Answer 15

Toccata keyboard, improvisatory style composer claudio merule 1533-1604 Toccata IV 6th mode 1604, variety of textures and figuration

Question 16

Ricercare

Answer 16

Ricercare type of prelude, evolved into a motet like succession of imitative sessions

Question 17

Canzona

Answer 17

Canzona contrapuntal instrumental music ex Girolamo cavazzoni reworked chanons rather than embellishing it. Light, fast moving rhythmic organ

Question 18

Giovanni Gabrieli / polychoral motets

Answer 18

Giovanni Gabrieli 1555-1612 organist, composer at st marks Polychoral motets works for 2 or more choirs each with a different combo of low and high voices and instruments
Instrumental ex The Canzon septimi toni a 8 fro Gabrieli’s Sacrae symphoniae 2 groups of 4 instruments and organ alternative and sometimes play together

Question 19

Ventian sonata

Answer 19

consisted of a series of sections each based on a different subject or on a variants of a single subject, intros and postludes in masses ex gabrieli’s Sonata pian’ e forte from Sacre Symphoniae - one of the first to designate instruments in the printed parts first time denoting DYNAMICS