Chapter 25 Romanticism in Classic formsL orchestra, chamber and choral music Flashcards
19th century orchestra
popular, amateur groups ex Society of the friends fo music professional London Philharmonie 1813 NY Phil 1842 grew from 40 to 90 instrument tuning became easier for WW new instruments piccolo, english horn, bass clarinet and contrabasson. Valves used on horns and trumpets reach all chromatic notes. New colors and increase use in band. Some works had bass drunk, triangle and other percussion instruments. And harp - mostly played by women.
Conductor- new in the 19th century used a baton to beat time and cue entrance.
THe rise of the classical repertoire started performing words from the past instead of only newer material. HAYDN, Beethoven and mozart. - chapter and more accessible
Schubert symphonies
maintained form with tuneful melodies, adventurous harmonic excursions, instrumental colors and strong contrasts. Themes most important ex unfinished symphony originally meant to be 4 movements but was 2. Ex “great’ Symphony in C major 1825 blended romantic lyricism with beethovenian drama 3 key exposition.
Hector Berlioz
1803-1869 shaped his symphonies around a series of emotions ex Symphonie fantastique 1830 passions and thoughts about a woman who we hopes to win. Used idee fixe a melody that he used in each movement to represent the obsessive image of the hero’s beloved. Berlioz theme has the long line of an operatic aria that can be extended and ornamented but resists fragmentation. WRote words to read silently and not sung. Theme in all 5 movements. Different colors- muted strings, horns offstage. Romeo et Juliette 1839 dramatic symphony orchestra , soloists ,choir unstaged drama. The grande symphonie funebre et triomphale - band optional chorus and strings. Treatise on instrumentation and orchestra 1843.
Mendelssohn symphonies
classical style with hints of romanticism. Symphony 5 1830 celebrate the protestant reformation concluded with a movement based on Luthers chorale Ein’feste burg. Mosr famous are the italian 1833 and the scottish 1842. Most famous overture mid summer night’s dream 1826 picture- fairies dancing
Schumann symphony
Schumann first symphony in B flat major 1841 Spring symphony dress and spontaneous, rhythmic energy SYmphony 4 is played without a break joined by harmonic links like beethoven’s 5th.
Chamber music romantic period
Schubert- most famous string quintet in C major- 2 cellos, all parts equal. Mendelssohn Octet for strings op 20 1825 some had integrated movements through themetiv connections. Piano trios in d minor Schumann- 1842-43 3 string quartets 1847 Piano trios no 1 in D minor somber rigor in form and counterpoint. Fanny Mendelssohn- women allowed to write chamber works NOT SYmphonies. Only her piano trio op 11 was published in the 19th century. Clara- Piano trio in C minor 1846 - inspired schumann
Choral music 19th century,
mostly amateurs groups outside of church. Not as popular. Mostly oratorios or larger works, short choral works on secular texts, usually homophonic with the melody in the upper voice and liturgical work.- lucrative field for publishers since every person needs their own music and dont at home. Choral societies pay to sings. Berlin Singakademie under Carl Friedrich Zelter by the end had over 350 members.music festivals. Performed a lot of Handel and Haydn and then Bach. New ones were Mendelssohn’s st paul 1836 and elijah 1846 - chorales to mark structural division and offer commentary. - had some baroque traditions. Berlioz Grande Messe des morts 1837 requiem and te deum 1855 - music festivals on the french revolution. Orchestra of 140 players 4 brass choirs a lot of percussion
Part song
a song for more than one voice, in the 19th century a song for chorus parallel in function and style to the lied - patriotic, sentimental nature ex All among the barley 1849 by elizabeth stirling (church organist) 1819-1895 - amateurs, simple
Church music catholic
c- choirboys. Schuberts mass in A falt and e flat, settings of the ordinary. Gioachino Rossinis Stabat Mater 1832 brought operatic styles to church. A cappella works based on 16th century palestrina. Russia Dmitri Bortnyansky 1751-1825 compositions inspired by modal chants, used free rhythm and unaccompanied voices. US. divided by race. Yankee The sacred harp 1844 inldued some spirituals and other used in southern revival meetings Used Shape not singing the shape of the noteheads indicates solmization syllables allowing for easy sight reading.
Lowell Mason
1792-1872 president of haydn and handel society and founded the boston academy of music= music in the regular curriculum which started the tradition of music ed in schools ex piece Bethany 1856
