Chapter 22 Classic music in the late 19th century Flashcards
Joseph Haydn
1732-1809 was famous during his time. Best remember for numerous symphonies, string quartets and standards of quality, style, content, form and expressivity. Work in hungary for Esterhazy. Was allowed to sell music to be published in 1779. Let go in 1790. Moved to vienna. Influenced by galant style. Balanced periods . empfindsam style -variation and development and counterpoint. Ex rondo from finale string quartet in E Flat major (the joke) big rests at end. op 33 No2 - tuneful, binary theme from a single idea. Expansion of phrase, period or section.
Esterhaza- 2 theaters, orchestra concert every week, opera for special occasions. 25 players in orchestra.
Haydn Symphony form
typically 4 movements 1 fast sonata form w/ slow intro 2. Slow mov. 3 minute and tri 4 fast finale all sam key except 3. Which is usually in the sub dom or dominant. Ex Symphony no 92 in g major. (oxford symphony) Alternates between stable and unstable. Heightens contrasts through changes of style, texture, instrumentation or mood = easy to follow. Favored rondo finales.
Sonata-rondos
haydn A and B sections resemble the 1st and 2nd themes in a sonata form exposition, C is a modulatory development passage and B returns near the end of the tonic
Haydn Symphonies
early written for Count Morzin 2 oboes, two horns and strings 3 movements.
Esterhazys 1761-67 30 symphonies. Added flutes and bassoons. No 6 - 8 Le Matin, Le midi and Le soir solo passages. 1768- serious work- longer, more rhythmically complex, contrapuntal, extreme dynamics- minor keys. 1773- more popular style noo 56 C major. Serious, impressive and stirring. 1780s- composed for the public, larger paris symphonies 1785. 1790- london crowning achievement London Symphonies- thematic inventions. Trumpets and timpani. Surprise Symphony no 94 fortissimo crash on weak beat.
Haydn String quartet
the father of the string quartet. 1st violin- lead cello and inner parts often carry the melody or engage in dialogue. First 10 resembled divertimentos 1764-1766 NExt 18 1770-1772 4 movement pattern, minuet before slow movement. Motives pass between instruments. Loud unions, stark moduations- transitions. Some minor or end in fugues.
Scherzo
joking or especially fast movement in minuet and trio form.
Op 76 1791- genre for performance in concerts. Last ones used chromatin progressions, chromatin chords , enharmonic changes and fanciful tonal shifts.
Haydn’s vocal works
Opera- Serious ex armida 1784 dramatic accomp recit not often done today.
Masses- last 6 1796-1802- include Missa in tempori beli 1796 and the lord nelson mass 1798- large scale, 4 soloists, chorus, full orchestra, contrapuntal writing, choral fugues, symphonic styles for the orchestra.
Oratorios- inspired by Handels messiah wrote the creation 1798 adn the seasons 1801. German and english instrumental intro and interludes.
Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart
1756- 1791 Child prodigy, free agent for most of his life in vienna. Father Leopold Mozart was a violinists in salzburg- composer treatise on violin playing 1756. Sacrificed his advancement for W.A. Sister also great pianist. Both toured europe, composed 1st minuet at age , 1st symphony by 9, oratorio 11 and opera 12. None of his sisters music services. Traveling helps introduce him to new ideas and techniques. Influenced by Schobert’s orchestral effects trough rapid figuration and thick chord textures for the keyboard. Influenced by JC Bach songedul themes, tasteful appoggiaturas and triplets, harmonic ambiguities. Contrasting themes in concerto and sonata form. - Mozart arranged 3 of bachs sonatas as piano concertos 1772. Mostly freelanced. Made a lot on his singspiel Die Entfuhrung aus dem Serail 1782, pupils , concerts , 1787- appointment chamber music composer to the emperor- to keep him in vienna.
Piano music mozart-
19 piano sonatas- variety of keys, content, form ex Sonata in F major K 332- sonata form first movement. Themes and his combination of heterogeneous styles. His themes were songlike
Chamber music mozart
wrote 16 quartets in 1770s and didn’t write more until 1782. Dedicated to haydn. Famous for quintets for 2 violins 2 violas and cello C major and G minor. Wrote for other instruments. Serenades and Divertimentos- for fun outside, still serious treatment strings and two or more wind instruments ex Eine Kleine Nacht musik 1787 4 movements.
Piano concertos Mozart
Piano concertos 17 piano concertos in vienna. -used for his own concerts. K467 3 movements, logical,1st movement rit and sonata Punctuate the long solo sections with passages for full orchestra that further rit.
Symphonies Mozart
older ones 3 movements and curtain openers, later 4 movements and featured on concert programs. Ex Haffner Symphony K 385 greater demands on the performers, harmonic and contrapuntal complexity, final movements are climactic rather than light. Ex Prague Symphony in D Major 1786 slow intros created suspense.
Mozart operas
first opera buffa at 12 La finta semplice and singspiel Bastien und Bastienne. Munich wrote Idomeneo 1781 dramatic and pictorial music, accomp recit., conspicuous use of chorus, shows reformist of Gluck and influence of french opera. Die entfuhrung- 1782
THe marriage of figaro 1786, Don Giovanni 1787 and cosi 1790 librettos by Lorenzo Da Ponte -comedic, depth to characters, social tensions. Two final operas La Clemenza di Tito and Die Zauberflote -free masonry
Church music Mozart
Mass in C minor Ave verum corpus died before finishing requiem K 626
