Chapter 16 France, England, Spain and the new world in the 17th century Flashcards
Court ballet
french dance, substantial musical-dramatic work, staged with costumes and scenery, that featured members of the court with professional dancers, several acts, solo songs, choruses
Ex Ballet des fetes de Bacchus 1651
MUsic at court
- 3 parts 1. The music of the royal chapel for religious services, 2. The music of the chamber or indoor entertainment and 3. The music of the great stable for military and outdoor ceremonies. Preferred the viol and string instruments so they created larger ensembles which became modern day orchestras louis XIV 1648 group Petits Violons
Jean Baptiste Lully
1632-1687 wrote ballets, religious music and dramatic FRENCH OPERA
Tragedie en musique
/ tragedie lyrique mixture of drama, music and ballet new form of opera, 5 acts, serious plots, chivalric, mythological tales with frequent divertissements diversions, glorifications of france
French overture
Each opera began with an ouverture marking the entry for the king. French overture 2 sections, 1st homophonic and majestic 2nd faster, fugal imitation ex lully’s opera Armide 1686
Recit
Recit in french recitatif simple general contours of language while shifting metric notation between duple and triple. Often interrupted by a measured style recitatif mesure which had a more deliberate motion in the accomp. Lyrical moments were airs- songs with a rhyming text and regular meter and phrasing, often syllabic
Notes inegales
unequal notes, passages notated evenly were often rendered by alternating longer notes on the beat with shorter offbeats, expression
Overdotting
- in which a dotted note is held longer than its notated value, and short note is shortened.
Argements
brief ornaments, to adorn cadences and important notes
Airs
still popular in france but air de cour fell out of popularity and was replaced with air serieux and air a boire , stropic, syllabic, ex Marc Antoine Charpentier 1634-1704
Church
- french motets petit motet, a sacred concert for few voices with continuo and grand motet for soloists, double chord and orchestra. Louis XIV favorite sacred composer was Michel- Richard de Lalande 1657-1726
Denis Gaultier
1603-1672 lute composer in french style, published two collections that instructed amateurs on how to play the lute.
Clavecinists
Clavecin harpsichord replaced the lute as the main solo instrument.
Clavecinists harpsichord composers Jacques Champion de Chambonnieres 1601-1672, Frances COuperin 1668-1733
Argements became fundamental to all french music D’Angleberts pieces de clavecin 1689 created table to show his agreements.
Style luthe/ style brise
broken or arpeggiated texture in keyboard and lute music. Originated on lute and transferred to harpsichord.
Suite
Suite group series, tempo and rhythm contributed to the character of each dance ex Jacquet de la guerre’s suite No 3 in a minor 1687 most were binary form.
unmeasured prelude
non metric notation allows great rhythmic freedom as if improvising. French, dance usually began a prelude.
Dances 17 th century
Allemande no longer danced in 17th century, highly stylized, moderately fast 4/4
Courante a dance binary form, in triple meter at a moderate tempo and with an upbeat. Courtly dance
Sarabande slow, french, triple meter
Gigue stylized movement in fast compound meter, wide melodic leaps.
Rondeau which a refrain alternating with a series of contrasting periods called couplets
Gavotte double time dance with half measure upbeat, active, hop jump
Minuet suite end, an elegant couple dance in moderate triple meter
ENglish had less money than france to spend on music. Created public concerts to make money!
Masque
Preferred masque over opera. -included instrumental music, dancing, songs, choruses, costumes, scenery and stage machinery. Not unified, different composers no stories. Composers William Lawes The TRiumph of Peace 1634. He didn’t write all of the music in it.
Puritan gov prohibited stage plays.
Cupid and Death- only 17th century masque whose music survives completely by Matthew Locke 1621-1677 nad Christopher Gibbons 1615-1677.
Henry Purcell
1659-1695 leading composer in england. Composed dido and aeneas in 1689. Opera in miniature- 4 principal roles, 3 acts take only about an hour. Overture and homophonic choruses in dance rhythm resembles Lully. Italian elements include arias which are built entirely over ground bass ex when I am laid in earth over a descending tetrachord. Still english elements - use of dance for dramatic purpose, english air solos and choruses , tuneful, diatonic. Wrote art song too. Ex Ode for st. cecilia’a day 1692
Dramatic opera
or semi opera purcell, a spoken play with an overture and four or more masques or substantial music episodes ex THe fairy queen 1692
Catch
a round or canon with a humorous often ribald text. Sung unaccompanied.
John Jenkins
1592-1678 british composer, leading composer for viol consort.
Dancing was very important Kpjm {;aufpre 1623-1687 put together a book of dances and instruction on how to do it in The English Dancing Master 1651 - folk melodies
Juan Hidalgo
1614-1685 Celos aun del aire matan mostly syllabic, strophic air, spanish dance rhythms, recit monologue
Zarzuela
spanish, Calderon de la BArca and Hidalgo created musical theater - light, mythological play in a pastoral setting that alternates between signing and speaking
La purpura de la rose
e 1st opera produced in the new world. 1701 Tomas de Torrejon y velasco 1644-1728 most roles were played by WOMEN, dialogue not in recit. but in the strophic song
Spain lacked music printing
Villancico
Villancico church music, christmas, easter score for one or more choirs, soloists, vernacular ex Lost coflades de la estleya by Juan de Araujo 1646-1712
Tiento
spanish organ music, improvisatory style piece that often featured imitation ex Tiento de batalla
