Chapter 28 Late romanticism in germany and austria

Question 1

Classical music

Answer 1

music in the tradition of the repertoire of musical masterworks that formed in the 19th century including lesser works in the same genre or for the same performing forces and newly composed works intended a part of the same tradition. Brahms vs wagner.

Question 2

Johannes Brahms

Answer 2

1833-1897 composing at a time when most piece performed were old pieces. His works needed to be like those already popular but different enough to offer something. Didn’t write many piece for orchestra until later by 40 he wrote 2 serenades, piano concerto no 1 in d minor and variations on a theme of haydn 1873. Wrote 4 symphonies Symphony no.1 in c minor 1876 fast slow light mov. And fast 3rd was not a scherzo but a intermezzo. Symphony 3 chanconne baroque style. Chamber music- 24 works, known for his chamber wrks. 7 piano with strings most famous quintet for piano and stings in f minor op 34 1864 developing variation the process od deriving new themes, accomps and other ideas through variations of a germinal idea. Piano music- full sonority, broke chord figuration, frequent doubling of the melodic line, cross rhythms- variaitinos ex Fugue on a theme of handel (25 variations) op 24 1861 and variations on a theme of paganini op 35 1863 Art song 260 lieder, strophic, schubert, ex wiegenlied 1868 imitate folk songs. Ex Wie melodien zieht es mir 1886 melody is beautiful and not difficult to sing but with unexpected changes in direction, chromaticism. Strong appoggiaturas. Choral- most famous work Ein deutsches requiem 1868 soprano and baritone soloists, chorus and orchestra counterpoint.

Question 3

The new german school

Answer 3

A group of progressive musicians in the mid-19th century. The name was coined by Franz Brendel in an address to the first conference of German musicians (Tonkünstler-Versammlung) in Leipzig in 1859; it was offered as an alternative to the popular critical epithet ‘music (or musicians) of the future’. The spiritual fathers of this ‘school’ were Wagner, Liszt and Berlioz,

Question 4

Liszt

Answer 4

between 1848-58 he composed 12 orchestra works he called symphonic poems. One movement programmatic work ith sections of contrasting character and tempo. Ex Prometheus 1850-55 relates to a myth and poem by Herder. Sonata in B minor 1853 4 themes in one extended movement. Could be seen as one gigantic sonata form and form another as 4 movmenets. Fast slow, figure and fast played without pause. Choral ex st elisabeth 1857- thematic material from plainchant melodies related to the subjects.

Question 5

Thematic Transformation

Answer 5

a method divided by liszt to provide unity, variety and a nraative like logic to a composition by transforming the thematic material into new themes or other elements in
order to reflect the diverse moods needed to portray a programmatic subject ex Les preludes 1854

Question 6

Anton Bruckner

Answer 6

1824-1896 tried to write symphonies and church music with wagner’s style. 11 symphones ex Symphony in E flat major 1874 huge orchestra, long sumphones, lush harmonies, repetition of entire passages. Choral- cecilian style. A capella harmonic palette from modal os justi his mass no 2in e minor 1866 neo-medieval work for 8 part chorus and 15 wind instruments.

Question 7

Hugo Wolf

Answer 7

1860-1903 adapted wagners method for lied. 250 lieder between 1860-1897 collections based on a single poet or group ex Eduard Morike (lebe wohl! Arioso style ) 1889, Goethe 1890. Indicated a new ideal of equality between words and music.
Lebe Wohl- used Chromatic saturation a measure of the intense chromaticism is that all 12 chromatic notes appear in the first phrase.

Question 8

Richard Strauss

Answer 8

1864-1949 known for his symphonic poems, operas and lieder. Some programs based on literature Don JUan or personal experience Tod und Verklarung 1889 based on recovery form a life threatening illnes.
Don Juan, Op. 20, is a tone poem in E major for large orchestra written by the German composer Richard Strauss in 1888. T
Also sprach Zarathustra, Op. 30 (Thus Spoke Zarathustra or Thus Spake Zarathustra)[1] is a tone poem by Richard Strauss, Rising sun in the prologue Deep C in organ fanfare, thumping timpani