Chapter 10 Sacred music in the era of the reformation

Question 1

Protestant reformation

Answer 1

, sought to involve worshipers more directly, singing vernacular language instead of latin

Question 2

Chorale lutheran church

Answer 2

• martin luther- not rewarding for good deeds or punishing for sinfa but offering salvation, kept a good deal of catholic music, loved music and wanted the entire congregation to sing. Congregational hymn 16th century, originally metric, rhymed, strophic poem and a melody in simple rhythm sung inunison, without harmization or accompaniment.- could add harmony, counterpoint and reworked into large musical form, used gregorian chant, devotional songs, secular songs -contrafactum and new comps. Ex Nun komm, der heiden heiland based on venti redemptor gentium. New composed ex Ein’ feste berg anthem of the reformation.

Question 3

Polyphonic chorale

Answer 3

group singing in home and schools and performance in church by choirs many used lied technique placing unaltered choral tune in tenor and surrounding it with 4 or more free flowing parts chorale motets more elaborate cantus firmus

Question 4

Cantional style

Answer 4

arranged chorales with the tune in the highest voice, accompanied by block chords with little contrapuntal figuration.

Question 5

Metrical psalm

Answer 5

calvinist church Jean calvin believed that some people are predestined for salvation other for damnation. Worship on god alone, stripped musical instruments and elaborate polyphony, only biblical text should be sung. Metric, rhymed, strophic translations of psalms in the vernacular, newly composed melody or tunes adapted from chant. Published in psalters unaccompanied in unison. First book published in north america was a psalter Bay Psalm Book of 1640
Made polyphonic psalms for devotional use at home or in gatherings of singers 4 or 5 parts composers Loys Bourgeoism Jacobus Clemens , some for voice and instruments

Question 6

Anthem service

Answer 6

anglican church Henry VIII separated parliament from rome reign of Edward VI protestant doctrines. English service. Leading english composer John Taverner. Long melisams, full textures, cantus firmus structures. MOST Important mid century composers was Thomas Tallis 1505-1585 latin masses and hymns, english service music, sacred works, melodic cursive added to natural inflection of speech service and anthem service consists of the music for certain portions of matins, holly communion, evensong. Anthem corresponds to a latin motet, polyphonic work in english two types full anthem for unaccompanied choir in contrapuntal style an verse anthem one or more solo voices with organ or vio accomp, alternating with passages for full choir double by instruments

Question 7

William Byrd

Answer 7

1540-1623 served church of england secular and instrumental music Anglican service m lattin masses and motets Great service , short service psalms, full anthems verse anthems ex anthem Sing joyfully unto God Masses- books gradualia 1605 1607 contain complete polyphonic mass propers

Question 8

1520-1550 writing changes

Answer 8

1520-1550 flemish composers Adrian Willaert (syllables printed under notes), Jacobus Clemens. Catholic composers preserved careful dissonance treatment and equality of voices, expanded # of voices from 4 to 5-6 imitative polyphony ex Gomberts motet Quem dicunt homines modes important

Question 9

Giovanni Pierluigi da Palestrina

Answer 9

1525-1594 saved polyphony, italian composed 6 voice mass that was reverent in spirit and did not obscure the words Pope Marcellus Mass second book of masses 11567 singable lines, mostly stepwise duple meter 104 masses 51 imitation masses 34 paraphrase mass , 8 cantus firmus used cambiata voices skips down from a dissonance to a consonance instead of resolving by step, then moves to the expected note of resolution. IDEAL OF STILE ANTICO old style
Spanish catholic Cristobal de Morales 1500-1553 masses drew on work of Josquin and gombert

Question 10

Thomas Luis de Victoria

Answer 10

1548- 1611 only sacred music palestrina style except shorter, less florid melodies, frequent cadences , chromastim, triple meter ex O magnum mysterium motet
Germany and eastern europe composers Waclaw of Szamotul and Jacob Handl later Hans Leo Hassler

Question 11

Orlando di lasso

Answer 11

1532-1594 sacred music, emotional expression and depiction of text through music 57 masses 700 motets ex Tristis est anima mea 1565 words of jesus before he’s crucified master of femlish, french, italian, and german styles

Question 12

Jewish music

Answer 12

• primarily oral , psalms responsorial by a leader and the congregation. Te’amin notation structure to help improvise synagogue cantor Hazzan