Ch 8 Lec 1 - Articulations Flashcards
these hold bones together but may permit movement
joints
study of joints
arthrology
study of motion
kinesiology
three classifications of joints
synarthrosis, amphiarthrosis, diarthrosis
classification of joints based on anatomy
fibrous, cartilaginous, synovial
collagen fiber joints
fibrous
cartilage joints
cartilaginous
joint capsule, ligaments, and fluid in this joint
synovial
fibrous joints lack a blank cavity
synovial
little or no movement joints
fibrous joints
three types of fibrous joints
sutures, syndesmoses, gomphoses
thin layer of dense fibrous connective tissue unites bones of the skull and are immovable
sutures
if sutures are fused completely then it is called blank
synostosis
blank bones fuse together to become one in humans
frontal
fibrous joint where bones are united by a ligament and slightly movable
syndesmosis
anterior tibiofibular joint and interosseous membrane are these kinds of joints
syndesmosis
ligament holds cone shaped peg in a bony socket and is immovable joint
gomphosis
teeth in alveolar processes of maxillae or mandible are an example of this joint
gomphosis
these joints lack a synovial cavity and allows little or no movement but bones are tightly connected by fibrocartilage or hyaline cartilage
cartilage joints
two types of cartilage joints
symphysis, synchondrosis
connecting material is hyaline cartilage and is immovable in this joint
synchondrosis
epiphyseal plate or joints between the ribs and sternum are these kinds of joints
synchondrosis
when fusion of synchondroses it is called
synostosis
fibrocartilage is the connecting material and these joints are slightly movable
symphysis
intervertebral discs and pubic symphysis are this joint
symphysis
men and women pelvic differences and bone model
l
2 bones separated by a fluid filled cavity in this joint
synovial
this is made of blood filtrate, hyaluronic acid, and glycoproteins
synovial fluid
function of synovial fluid
lubricate joint surface, shock absorber, nourish chondrocytes
reinforce and strengthen joint capsule and connect bone to bone
ligament
ligaments are made of this connective tissue
dense regular
ligaments outside the joint capsule, collaterals
extracapsular
ligaments within capsule, cruciates
intracapsular
pads of fibrous cartilage that subdivide a cavity and are also known as menisci
articular discs
knee joint and ulnolunate joint are blank
articular discs
three functions of articular discs
channel flow of synovial fluid, modifies articular surface, restrict movements at joint, help distribute body weight, cushion articulating surfaces
adipose tissue surrounding the synovial capsule
fat pads
small fluid filled pockets of connective tissue between tendons/ligaments and bones
bursae
two opposing surfaces slide past one another in this joint
gliding
example of gliding joint
sternoclavicular joint
movement with a change in angle between the shaft and the articular surface
angular movement
type of angular motion with rotation of the shaft while changing the angle
circumduction
spinning of the shaft without changing the angle
rotation
ball and socket joint has this movement
circumduction
twisting head is blank motion of the head
rotation
types of angular movement
abduction, adduction, flexion, extension, hyperextension
two types of rotation
pronation, supination
synovial joints are a trade off between blank and blank
flexibility, stability
six types of synovial joints
plane, hinge, pivot, condylar, saddle, ball and socket
synovial joint where bone surfaces are flat or slightly curved and side to side movement only
plane
intercarpal, intertarsal, sternoclavicular, and vertebrocostal are blank joints
plane
convex surface of one bones fits into concave surface of 2nd bone and is monoaxial
hinge
knee, elbow, ankle, and interphalangeal joints are these
hinge
rounded surface of bone articulates with ring formed by 2nd bone and ligament and is monoaxial that only allows for rotation and longitudinal axis joint
pivot
proximal radioulnar joint is this type of joint
pivot
oval shaped projection fits into oval depression and is biaxial
condylar
wrist is blank joint
wrist
one bone fits over another bone like a horse and is biaxial
saddle joint
trapezium of carpus and metacarpal of the thumb are this joint
saddle
