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Ana > Ch 13 Lec 2 - Nervous System > Flashcards

Ch 13 Lec 2 - Nervous System Flashcards

1
Q

these are like astrocytes but smaller

A

oligodendrocytes

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2
Q

oligodendrocytes form blank in the central nervous system

A

myelin

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3
Q

smallest and least common neuroglial cell

A

microglia

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4
Q

microglia are derived from blank cells

A

myeloid

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5
Q

microglia are the blank cells of the nervous system

A

white blood

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6
Q

main function of microglia

A

phagocytosis

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7
Q

columnar/cuboidal and have microvilli on luminal surface are are a neuroglial

A

ependymal

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8
Q

ependymal cells are joined by blank junctions

A

gap

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9
Q

main function of ependymal cells is to help produce blank

A

cerebrospinal fluid

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10
Q

associated with soma and assist with exchange of nutrients and is a neuroglial cell

A

satellite

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11
Q

satellite cells blank neuron from extraneous stimuli

A

Isolates

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12
Q

neuroglial cells that produce myelin in the peripheral nervous system

A

schwann cells

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13
Q

schwann cells encloses blank of longer peripheral nerves

A

axons

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14
Q

main function of schwann cells is to blank large PNS axons

A

myelinate

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15
Q

blank axons appear gray and many axons associate with a single schwann cell

A

unmyelinated

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16
Q

unmyelinated cells are found in the blank and are not blank cells

A

CNS, glial

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17
Q

axons that appear white

A

myelinated

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18
Q

in the central nervous system, blank myelinate part of several axons

A

oligodendrocytes

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19
Q

in the PNS, blank cells myelinated part of one axon

A

schwann

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20
Q

plasma membrane of schwann cell wrapped around axon

A

myelin

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21
Q

part of schwann cell that contains cytoplasm

A

neurilemma

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22
Q

gaps in myelin sheath

A

nodes of ranvier

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23
Q

myelination process starts when you are blank and then stop around age blank

A

young, 3

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24
Q

myelin functions to blank axons and increase blank

A

isolate, rate of action potential

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25
Q

the peripheral nervous system can blank a fraction of the axons

A

regenerate

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26
Q

the regeneration of Schwann cells in PNS

A

Wallerian process

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27
Q

if the injury separates axon from cell body, the blank portion of the axon will blank along with with myelin sheath

A

distal, deteriorate

28
Q

during the regeneration of nerve fibers, blank clean up, some blank cells remain, and a thin blank membrane and later of blank tissue around schwann cells

A

macrophages, schwann, basement, connective

29
Q

new axon grows blank to blank millimeters per day when regenerating nerve fibers

A

3-4

30
Q

repair in central nervous system is more blank

A

limited

31
Q

oligodendrocytes do not blank and repair the central nervous sytem

A

proliferate

32
Q

blank produce scar tissue and chemicals blocking regrowth in central nervous system

A

astrocytes

33
Q

ability to respond to stimuli

A

irritability

34
Q

ability to transmit an impulse

A

excitability

35
Q

an electrical impulse changing the permeability of a membrane

A

action potential

36
Q

action potential moving down an axon

A

nerve impulse

37
Q

impulse travels faster when the axon is blank and has a blank diamater

A

myelinated, larger

38
Q

this functions as a control/transmission point and a site of communication

A

synapse

39
Q

synapse is a site communication between any two cells with a blank

A

gap

40
Q

two types of synapses

A

electrical, chemical

41
Q

example of electrical synapse

A

intercalated discs of cardiac muscle

42
Q

example of a chemical synapse

A

neuro-muscular junction

43
Q

in chemical synapses, blank house neurotransmitters

A

synaptic vesicle

44
Q

chemical synapses only exist in the blank

A

presynaptic cell

45
Q

chemical synapses release neurotransmitters into the blank

A

synaptic cleft

46
Q

receptors on blank membranes register the neurotransmitter in chemical synapses

A

post-synaptic

47
Q

chemical synapses proliferates the blank from one cell to the next

A

action potential

48
Q

in step 1 at a chemical synapse the action potential reaches the blank of the presynaptic neuron

A

synaptic knob

49
Q

receive impulses from afferent fibers and the impulses are carried away on efferent fibers in these

A

neuronal pools

50
Q

blank fibers can branch many times before entering a pool

A

afferent

51
Q

one neuron to another in series in this pool

A

serial processing

52
Q

pool when impulse leaves a pool, it may spread into several output fibers and allows impulse to be amplified

A

divergence

53
Q

neuronal pool where a single nerve in pool may receive impulses from 2 or more incoming fibers

A

convergence

54
Q

if an impulse leads to the same nerve, they are said to blank

A

converge

55
Q

convergence allows summation of impulses from blank

A

different sources

56
Q

processing information from several neurons at once

A

parallel processing

57
Q

positive feedback continues activity of circuit in this pool

A

reverberation

58
Q

one neuron may receive either blank and blank stimuli from multiple neurons

A

excitatory, inhibitory

59
Q

the net effect of all input to a cell is called the blank

A

net charge

60
Q

if the charge is positive enough to a nerve then it will result in a blank

A

active potential

61
Q

the point where an action potential can be produced is known as blank

A

threshold

62
Q

inhibitory stimuli bring signals blank threshold

A

away from

63
Q

excitatory stimuli bring signals blank threshold

A

to

64
Q

in step 2 at a chemical synapse the blank is release

A

neurotransmitter

65
Q

in step 3 at a chemical synapse the blank binds to receptors and blanks the postsynaptic membrane

A

ach, depolarizes

66
Q

in step 4 at a chemical synapse blank is removed by blank

A

ach, ache

Ana (40 decks)

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