Ch 4 Lec 1 Integumentary System Flashcards
2 components of integumentary system
cutaneous membrane, accessory structures
2 parts of cutaneous membrane
epidermis, dermis
hair nails and glands are part of the blank component of integ system
accessory structures
Three functions of integ system
protect deeper tissues, aid in heat regulation, make vitamin d, aid in excretion of urea and uric acid
stratified squamous epithelium makes up the blank
epidermis
epidermis lacks blank
blood vessels
outer most layers of epidermis are blank
dead
four cell types of epidermis
keratinocytes, melanocytes, langerhan, merkel
90 percent of epidermal cells and they provide protection
keratinocytes
8 percent of epidermal cells
melanocytes
epidermal cell type formed from bone marrow and is part of immune response
langerhan cells
epidermal cell type that is in the deepest layer and form touch receptor with sensory neuron
merkel cells
stem cells divide to produce blank at the basal blank
keratinocytes, lamina
keratinocytes slowly blank when pushed up toward the surface
die
keratinization takes this long unless removed by abrasion
4 weeks
5 layers of epidermis
stratum germinativum stratum spinosum stratum granulosum stratum lucidum stratum corneum
Deepest single layer of cells
stratum germinativum
Cells attached to each other & to basal lamina by these two things in stratum germinativum
desmosomes, hemidesmosomes
8 to 10 cell layers held together by desmosomes
During slide preparation, cells shrink and look spiny
stratum spinosum
3 - 5 layers of flat dying cells Show nuclear degeneration
stratum granulosum
stratum granulosum contain dark staining blank granules that release lipid that repels water
keratohyalin
Seen in thick skin on palms & soles of feet only
Three to five layers of clear, flat, dead cells
stratum lucidum
25 to 30 layers of flat dead cells filled with keratin and surrounded by lipids
stratum corneum
stratum corneum cells are continuously blank
shed
friction of stratum corneum stimulates blank
callus formation
Palmer & planter surface
About 30 layers of S. corneum
All 5 layers
thick skin
Rest of body surfaces
Fewer layers of S. corneum
No S. lucidum
thin skin
forms ridges that extend into the dermis
stratum germinativum
blank yolk means good chicke, blank yolk means bad chicken
orange, yellow
these increase area of contact for better grip
epidermal ridges
this is produced in the epidermis by these cells
melanin, melanocytes
everyone has the same blank melanocytes but blank amounts of pigment produced
number, different
melanin production is in response to blank hormone
melanocyte stimulating
blank in sunlight increases melanin production
uv
melanocytes convert blank to blank
tyrosine, melanin
two types of melanin
eumelanin, pheomelanin
there are blank types of melanin
several
brown or black melanin
eumelanin
red brown melanin
pheomelanin
freckles or liver spots means there are melanocytes blank
in a patch
benign melanocytes make up a blank aka blank
nevus, mole
inherited lack of tyrosinase
albinism
yellow orange pigment that can be in the dermis
carotene
carotene is found in the blank and blank
stratum corneum, subcutaneous
carotene and blank are pigments
hemoglobin
red oxygen carrying pigment in blood cells
hemoglobin
the dermis has these two layers
papillary, reticular
there is blank connective tissue in papillary layer
areolar ct
there are blank in the papillary layer
dermal papillae and capillaries and neurons
layer of dermis that is the anchoring layer with large vessels, adipocytes, and nerves
reticular
the connective tissue in reticular layer
dense irregular
Network of arteries & veins supplying skin
In subcutaneous layer
cutaneous plexus
Follows epidermal/dermal boundary
Helps nourish epidermal layer
papillary plexus
Weight gain causes fibers to stretch; they loose elasticity & break which causes
stretch marks
more weight loss means blank stretch marks
more
this is also called the superficial fascia / subcutaneous layer
hypodermis
hypodermis has these two connective tissues
areolar, adipose
adipose acts as a blank in hypodermis
insulator
hypodermis blanks skin
stabilizes
three parts that hair is not on
lips, eyelids, plantar, palmar, parts of digits
hair number is blank at birth
fixed
three types of hair
vellus, terminal, intermediate
peach fuzz hair
vellus
thicker and darker pigment type of hair
terminal
hair on your arms type
intermediate
types of hair on different location blank
varies
each hair is made up of these three things
shaft, root, bulb
base of follicle is
bulb
which penetrates into the dermis
root
which mostly projects above the surface of the skin
shaft
each hair consists of these three things
cuticle, cortex, medulla
hair is made of blank cells
dead keratinized epidermal
blank which surrounds the root of hair
hair follicle
has Sensory nerves surrounding follicle
Detect hair movement
root hair plexus
Smooth muscle
Moves hair
‘goose bumps’
arrector pili
lasts from 2 to 6 years depending on the body part
matrix cells at base of hair root producing length
anagen stage
lasts up to 2 weeks
matrix cells inactive & follicle atrophies
catagen stage
three stages of hair growth
anagen, catagen, telogen
Hair follicale remains dormant
hair is eventually pushed out by new hair as cycle renews
telogen stage
result of melanin produced in melanocytes in hair bulb
hair color
Brown/black hair contains large amounts of
eumelanin
Blonde hair results from little
eumelanin
Red hair has high relative
pheomelanin
blank hair is result of decline of all melanin production
gray
