Ch 16 and 17 Lec 2 - Nerve Tracts and the ANS Flashcards
two effects of sympathetic division
increases alertness, energy, euphoria, increased muscle tone
the central nervous system stimulates blank neurons
preganglionic
preganglionic neurons always release blank
ach
preganglionic neurons are known as blank synapse
cholinergic
preganglionic neurons stimulate blank neurons
postganglionic
postganglionic neurons release blank
adrenaline
adrenergic receptor that responds to both epinephrine and norepinephrine
alpha
adrenergic receptor alpha targest blank muscle
smooth
adrenergic receptor that only responds to epinephrine
beta
cholinergic receptors respond to blank
ach
in sympathetic nervous system, preganglionic fibers are blank and postganglionic fibers are blank
short, long
synapsing occurs in sympathetic chain or blank ganglia
collateral
preganglionic fiber releases blank
ach
postganglionic fibers release blank
norepinephrine
sympathetic division prepares body for blank
emergencies
sympathetic division effects are blank and persistent
widespread
division that originates from neurons in midbrain, pons, medulla, and sacral region of the spinal cord
parasympathetic
parasympathetic division exit the CNS via blank nerves and blank nerves
cranial, sacral
preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system go to the blank and blank glands
eyes, facial
preganglionic fibers of the parasympathetic system also includes cranial nerve blank
X - vagus
postganglionic fibers are blank and are close to or within target blank
short, organs
postganglionic fiber effects are much more blank
localized
two functions of parasympathetic division
constrict pupils, sexual arousal, stimulate defecation, secrete hormones
all neurons release blank in parasympathetic activation
ach
parasympathetic activation has blank effects
short lived
most organs receive blank from both divisions
innervation
sympathetic reaches the cranial area via blank
chain ganglia
parasympathetic reaches the cranial area via blank
cranial ganglia
sympathetic and parasympathetic mingle at blank such as these two examples
plexuses, cardiac plexus, esophageal plexus
simple functional units of the ANS and provide an autonomic motor response
visceral reflex
visceral reflexes are common for blank
digestive system
two types of visceral reflexes
long, short
type of visceral reflex that goes to the CNS for processing
long reflexes
visceral reflex that are processed in the autonomic ganglion
short reflexes
many control centers in the blank for control of autonomic activity
medulla
blank regulates body temperature in the ANS
hypothalamus
when a person is stressed, blank system and blank cortex control the ANS
limbic, cerebral
neurons in the spinal cord of the sympathetic division
T1-L2
on the sympathetic side there are blank ganglion, blank ganglion, and blank
chain, collateral, medulla
there are blank paths for a preganglionic fiber of sympathetic division
four
postganglionic fibers are blank in the sympathetic division
long
parasympathetic division is between these nerves
cervicles and sacrals
postganglionic fiber is blank in parasympathetic division
short
preganglionic fibers are blank in the parasympathetic division
long
sympathetic division postganglionic fibers are blank
adrenergic
the preganglionic fibers in both sympathetic and parasympathetic release blank
ach
