Ch 23 Lec 1 - Lymphatic System Flashcards
lymphatic system produces, maintains, and distributes blank
lymphocytes
this is a network of vessels that aid in circulation of body fluids and is closely associated with the cardiovascular system
lymphatic system
lymphatic system maintains normal blank and blank fluid volume
blood, interstitial
lymphatic system is an alternate route for the transport of blank
materials
transport fluid of lymphatic vessels
lymph
four sizes of lymphatic vessels
small lymphatic capillaries, medium lymphatic vessels, large lymphatic trunks, lymphatic ducts
lymphatic blank are the end of the line for lymphatic system
ducts
lymphatic vessels are absent in blank and blank
cns, avascular tissue
lymph is a fluid blank
connective tissue
lymph only occurs in the blank vessels
lymphatic
lymph is derived from these three things
interstitial fluid, lymphocytes, macrophages
lymph originates from blank
plasma
water and dissolved materials leak out of capillaries due to blank and blank
diffusion, filtration
blank liters per day enters interstitial spaces
27
interstitial fluid lacks blank and has low blank
proteins, oxygen
interstitial fluid moves into the lymphatic capillaries and is now known as blank
lymph
blank percent of interstitial fluid is absorbed
90
blank from tissues will go into lymph
residue
lymphatic capillaries are blank ended tubes
closed
lymphatic capillaries are in blank
interstitial spaces
lymphatic capillaries have a blank diameter, blank walls, flat and blank than blood vessels
larger, thinner, irregular
lymphatic vessels are blank and permeable
fenestrated
these are formed by the merging of lymph capillaries and are similar to veins and merge to form trunks, and travel with arteries of same size
medium lymphatic vessels
four parts of medium lymphatic vessels
interna, media, adventitia, valves
these are named for the region they drain like lumbar, intestinal, broncomediastinal, subclavian, jugular
lymphatic trunks
lymphatic trunks drain into blank
ducts
there are blank lymphatic ducts
two
two lymphatic ducts
thoracic, right lymphatic
lymphatic ducts deliver lymph to blank circulation at blank
venous, subclavians
at lymphatic ducts, lymph is reintroduced to blank
bloodstream
lymph becomes a part of blank and is circulated after lymphatic ducts
plasma
lymphatic duct that drains lower body, left arm, head and neck
thoracic
thoracic duct route arises from blank
cisterna chyli
thoracic duct goes through the blank and ascends in front of the blank column
diaphragm, vertebral
thoracic duct empties into blank
left subclavian vein
lymphatic duct that drains right side of head and neck and right arm
right lymphatic duct
lymphatic ducts unevenly blank fluid from body
drain
this lymphatic duct does the majority of draining
thoracic
thoracic duct is much longer and drains the entire blank half of the body
inferior
blank lymphatic duct drains into blank vein
right, subclavian
blank occur at bulges in lymphatic vessels
valves
valves prevent blank
backflow
pressure is lower in blank than in veins
lymphatics
lymph is moved using similar methods to blank
veins
if drainage does not occur of lymph it is called blank
lymphedema
primary cells of the lymphoid system and have an immune response to foreign antigens
lymphocytes
lymphocytes originate in the blank
bloodstream
lymphocytes move to blank and go into blank
peripheral tissues, lymph
lymphocytes return to the blank after going into lymph
bloodstream
blank cells mature in the thymus
t
these lymphocytes originate and develop in the bone marrow
b cells
lymphocytes are stimulated by an blank to produce blank
antigen, antibodies
lymphocytes can become activated upon exposure to the same blank at a later date
antigen
lymphocytes that originate in the bone marrow but develop in the thymus
t cells
T cells may attack blank cells or those infected by a blank
foreign, virus
T cells may stay on reserve only to become active if the blank reappears
pathogen
lymphocytes that are also derived directly from bone marrow and directly attack foreign cells
natural killer
reticular connective tissue is dominated by blank
lymphocytes
these are not organs but include mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)
lymphoid nodules
MALT has blank lymph nodules
digestive
lymph nodes are not the same as blank
nodules
MALT that is positioned around the pharynx and remove pahtogens that enter via air or food
tonsils
three types of tonsils
pharyngeal, palatine, lingual
tonsil with one nodule in nasopharynx like adenoids
pharyngeal
tonsil with two nodules on the soft palate
palatine
tonsils with two nodules at the base of the tongue
lingual
MALT that line mucosa of the small intestine
aggregated lymphoid nodules
MALT that is a blind tube at the beginning of small intestine and is an area that is prone to infection
appendix
appendix infected is called blank and allows the intestinal blank to enter underlying tissue
appendicitis, flora
these are surrounded by a fibrous connective tissue capsule and include lymph nodes, thymus, spleen
lymph organs
lymph organs that are bean shaped and lie between several blank and one blank vessel
lymph nodes, afferent, efferent
indented region where blood vessels, nerves, and efferent lymph vessels connect in lymph nodes
hilum
lymph nodes have a blank which has a capsule which has blank that subdivide it
cortex, trabeculae
two regions of lymph node cortex
outer, inner
region of lymph node cortex that consists of aggregated B cells
outer
region of cortex of lymph node that has T cells that enter blood here
inner
lymph node part where B cells leave
medulla
three locations of lymph nodes
cervical, axillary, inguinal, pelvic, abdominal, thoracic
lymph organ on left side of stomach and is the largest lymphatic organ
spleen
spleen part that resembles a lymph node
white pulp
spleen part that has large amounts of red blood cells and sinuses, macrophages, and t/b cells
red pulp
spleen removes old blank and stores blank
red blood cell, iron
spleen initiates blank and is a blank reservoir
immune response, reservoir
spleen does red blood cell production in blank
fetus
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum and is the first lymph organ to develop
thymus
thymus grows until blank and shrinks with blank
puberty, age
two lobes of thymus
cortex, medulla
lobe of thymus with mostly immature T cells
cortex
thymus cortex produces mature blank
t cells
T cells mature and migrate into blank of thymus
medulla
T cells enter blood vessels and go into blank
circulation
thymus cells that produce thymosin and promote T cell blank
reticular cells, differentiation
lobe of thymus with mostly reticular epithelial cells
medulla
