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Ana > Ch 26 Lec 1 - Urinary System > Flashcards

Ch 26 Lec 1 - Urinary System Flashcards

1
Q

urinary organ produces urine

A

kidney

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2
Q

urinary organ that takes urine to bladder

A

ureter

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3
Q

kidney is covered by these three things

A

renal capsule, renal fascia, perinephric adipose

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4
Q

superficial structure of kidney that is penetrated by renal artery, vein, and ureter penetrate

A

hilus

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5
Q

two layers of kidney

A

renal medulla, renal cortex

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6
Q

outer granular layer of kidney

A

renal cortex

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7
Q

renal papilla of renal pyramids empties into blank

A

minor calyces

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8
Q

minor calyx empties into blank

A

major calyces

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9
Q

major calyces empties into blank

A

renal pelvis

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10
Q

renal pelvis turns into blank

A

ureter

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11
Q

after going into glomerulus, blood in kidneys go to blank, then blank, then blank

A

efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, venules

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12
Q

functional unit of the kidney and there are blank per kidney

A

nephron, 1 million

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13
Q

nephrons are not blank if damages

A

replaced

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14
Q

amount of functional nephron essential for survival

A

1/3

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15
Q

two regions of nephron

A

renal corpuscle, renal tubule

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16
Q

renal corpuscle is made of blank and blank

A

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

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17
Q

cluster of capillaries off afferent arteriole

A

glomerulus

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18
Q

glomerulus has blank endothelium on capillaries

A

fenestrated

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19
Q

two layers of renal corpuscle

A

visceral, parietal

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20
Q

part of visceral layer that adheres to the glomerulus

A

podocytes

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21
Q

podocytes are highly blank cells

A

branched

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22
Q

branches of podocytes are called blank

A

pedicels

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23
Q

outer wall of renal glomerular capsule

A

parietal layer

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24
Q

the filtration of blood is aka blank

A

glomerular filtration

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25
Q

plasma becomes blank in the capsule

A

filtrate

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26
Q

continues from renal corpuscle

A

proximal convoluted tubule

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27
Q

proximal convoluted tubule is made of blank epithelium with a brush border

A

cuboidal

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28
Q

proximal convoluted tubule absorbs blank percent of filtrate

A

80

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29
Q

proximal convoluted tubule only filters out blank nutrients and blank percent of essential ions

A

organic, 60

30
Q

this has a descending and ascending limb

A

loop of henle

31
Q

limb of loop of henle that is thin

A

descending

32
Q

limb of loop of henle that is thick

33
Q

renal tubule that is close to renal corpuscle

A

distal convoluted tubule

34
Q

distal convoluted tubule is for blank and blank

A

reabsorption, secretion

35
Q

blank is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

A

Na+, aldosterone

36
Q

water is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

37
Q

distal convoluted tubule secretes blank and blank

38
Q

distal convoluted tubule drains into blank tubules then collecting blank

A

collecting, ducts

39
Q

collecting ducts go to blank ducts then blank then blank then blank then blank

A

papillary, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

40
Q

final water adjustments are made in the blank and blank

A

distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

41
Q

if permeability of collecting system is low then there are blank amounts of blank urine and less blank presence

A

large, dilute, adh

42
Q

if permeability of collecting system is high then there are blank amounts of blank urine and more blank presence

A

smaller, concentrated, adh

43
Q

specialized cells that monitor ion concentration of distal convoluted tubule filtrate

A

macula densa

44
Q

juxtaglomerular complex is made of these two thigns

A

distal convoluted tubule, afferent arteriole

45
Q

these cells are in the afferent arteriole and are smooth muscle cells in arteriole wall

A

juxtaglomerular cells

46
Q

in the juxtaglomerular complex, when Na+ and Cl- is low then blank secretes blank

A

macula densa, renin

47
Q

these constrict the afferent arteriole to increase filtrate

A

juxtaglomerular cells

48
Q

two types of nephrons

A

cortical, juxtamedullary

49
Q

short nephron mainly in cortex and produces standard blank

A

cortical, urine

50
Q

nephron where corpuscles are in medulla and produces blank urine

A

juxtamedullary, concentrated

51
Q

glomerulus filters out blank liters per day of filtrate

52
Q

blank percent of water is reabsorbed and blank percent of filtrate enters renal pelvis

53
Q

four hormones that affect urine concentration

A

pth, aldosteroone, renin, adh

54
Q

hormone that increases calcium reabsorption

55
Q

hormone that increases Na reabsorption and K excretion

A

aldosterone

56
Q

hormone that increases filtrate concentration

57
Q

hormone that increases water reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

58
Q

ureters are lined with blank

A

mucous membranes

59
Q

urine can blank but not leave through the opening flap of bladder

A

enter, leave

60
Q

hollow muscular sac that is behind the pubic symphis

61
Q

bladder is made of blank fibers, blank muscles and many blank when empty

A

elastic, involuntary, rugae

62
Q

in men the bladder is superior to blank

63
Q

in women, bladd is inferior to blank

64
Q

area at base of bladder bounded by openings of ureter and urethra

65
Q

these glands secrete mucous in urethra

66
Q

female urethra is blank than males

67
Q

release that is controlled by two sphincters and both sphincters must be open to urinate

A

micturition

68
Q

two sphincters of micturition

A

internal urethral, external urethral

69
Q

micturition sphincter that is involuntary

A

internal urethral

70
Q

micturition sphincter that is voluntary

A

external urethral

71
Q

loss of urine without voluntary control

A

incontinence

72
Q

micturition is the combination of blank and blank

A

reflex, urination

Ana (40 decks)

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