Ch 26 Lec 1 - Urinary System

Question 1

urinary organ produces urine

Answer 1

kidney

Question 2

urinary organ that takes urine to bladder

Answer 2

ureter

Question 3

kidney is covered by these three things

Answer 3

renal capsule, renal fascia, perinephric adipose

Question 4

superficial structure of kidney that is penetrated by renal artery, vein, and ureter penetrate

Answer 4

hilus

Question 5

two layers of kidney

Answer 5

renal medulla, renal cortex

Question 6

outer granular layer of kidney

Answer 6

renal cortex

Question 7

renal papilla of renal pyramids empties into blank

Answer 7

minor calyces

Question 8

minor calyx empties into blank

Answer 8

major calyces

Question 9

major calyces empties into blank

Answer 9

renal pelvis

Question 10

renal pelvis turns into blank

Answer 10

ureter

Question 11

after going into glomerulus, blood in kidneys go to blank, then blank, then blank

Answer 11

efferent arterioles, peritubular capillaries, venules

Question 12

functional unit of the kidney and there are blank per kidney

Answer 12

nephron, 1 million

Question 13

nephrons are not blank if damages

Answer 13

replaced

Question 14

amount of functional nephron essential for survival

Answer 14

1/3

Question 15

two regions of nephron

Answer 15

renal corpuscle, renal tubule

Question 16

renal corpuscle is made of blank and blank

Answer 16

glomerulus and bowman’s capsule

Question 17

cluster of capillaries off afferent arteriole

Answer 17

glomerulus

Question 18

glomerulus has blank endothelium on capillaries

Answer 18

fenestrated

Question 19

two layers of renal corpuscle

Answer 19

visceral, parietal

Question 20

part of visceral layer that adheres to the glomerulus

Answer 20

podocytes

Question 21

podocytes are highly blank cells

Answer 21

branched

Question 22

branches of podocytes are called blank

Answer 22

pedicels

Question 23

outer wall of renal glomerular capsule

Answer 23

parietal layer

Question 24

the filtration of blood is aka blank

Answer 24

glomerular filtration

Question 25

plasma becomes blank in the capsule

Answer 25

filtrate

Question 26

continues from renal corpuscle

Answer 26

proximal convoluted tubule

Question 27

proximal convoluted tubule is made of blank epithelium with a brush border

Answer 27

cuboidal

Question 28

proximal convoluted tubule absorbs blank percent of filtrate

Answer 28

80

Question 29

proximal convoluted tubule only filters out blank nutrients and blank percent of essential ions

Answer 29

organic, 60

Question 30

this has a descending and ascending limb

Answer 30

loop of henle

Question 31

limb of loop of henle that is thin

Answer 31

descending

Question 32

limb of loop of henle that is thick

Answer 32

ascending

Question 33

renal tubule that is close to renal corpuscle

Answer 33

distal convoluted tubule

Question 34

distal convoluted tubule is for blank and blank

Answer 34

reabsorption, secretion

Question 35

blank is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

Answer 35

Na+, aldosterone

Question 36

water is reabsorbed due to blank in distal convoluted tubule

Answer 36

ADH

Question 37

distal convoluted tubule secretes blank and blank

Answer 37

H+, K+

Question 38

distal convoluted tubule drains into blank tubules then collecting blank

Answer 38

collecting, ducts

Question 39

collecting ducts go to blank ducts then blank then blank then blank then blank

Answer 39

papillary, minor calyces, major calyces, renal pelvis, ureter

Question 40

final water adjustments are made in the blank and blank

Answer 40

distal convoluted tubule, collecting ducts

Question 41

if permeability of collecting system is low then there are blank amounts of blank urine and less blank presence

Answer 41

large, dilute, adh

Question 42

if permeability of collecting system is high then there are blank amounts of blank urine and more blank presence

Answer 42

smaller, concentrated, adh

Question 43

specialized cells that monitor ion concentration of distal convoluted tubule filtrate

Answer 43

macula densa

Question 44

juxtaglomerular complex is made of these two thigns

Answer 44

distal convoluted tubule, afferent arteriole

Question 45

these cells are in the afferent arteriole and are smooth muscle cells in arteriole wall

Answer 45

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 46

in the juxtaglomerular complex, when Na+ and Cl- is low then blank secretes blank

Answer 46

macula densa, renin

Question 47

these constrict the afferent arteriole to increase filtrate

Answer 47

juxtaglomerular cells

Question 48

two types of nephrons

Answer 48

cortical, juxtamedullary

Question 49

short nephron mainly in cortex and produces standard blank

Answer 49

cortical, urine

Question 50

nephron where corpuscles are in medulla and produces blank urine

Answer 50

juxtamedullary, concentrated

Question 51

glomerulus filters out blank liters per day of filtrate

Answer 51

180

Question 52

blank percent of water is reabsorbed and blank percent of filtrate enters renal pelvis

Answer 52

99, 1-5%

Question 53

four hormones that affect urine concentration

Answer 53

pth, aldosteroone, renin, adh

Question 54

hormone that increases calcium reabsorption

Answer 54

pth

Question 55

hormone that increases Na reabsorption and K excretion

Answer 55

aldosterone

Question 56

hormone that increases filtrate concentration

Answer 56

renin

Question 57

hormone that increases water reabsorption in distal convoluted tubule and collecting duct

Answer 57

adh

Question 58

ureters are lined with blank

Answer 58

mucous membranes

Question 59

urine can blank but not leave through the opening flap of bladder

Answer 59

enter, leave

Question 60

hollow muscular sac that is behind the pubic symphis

Answer 60

bladder

Question 61

bladder is made of blank fibers, blank muscles and many blank when empty

Answer 61

elastic, involuntary, rugae

Question 62

in men the bladder is superior to blank

Answer 62

prostate

Question 63

in women, bladd is inferior to blank

Answer 63

uterus

Question 64

area at base of bladder bounded by openings of ureter and urethra

Answer 64

trigone

Question 65

these glands secrete mucous in urethra

Answer 65

urethral

Question 66

female urethra is blank than males

Answer 66

shorter

Question 67

release that is controlled by two sphincters and both sphincters must be open to urinate

Answer 67

micturition

Question 68

two sphincters of micturition

Answer 68

internal urethral, external urethral

Question 69

micturition sphincter that is involuntary

Answer 69

internal urethral

Question 70

micturition sphincter that is voluntary

Answer 70

external urethral

Question 71

loss of urine without voluntary control

Answer 71

incontinence

Question 72

micturition is the combination of blank and blank

Answer 72

reflex, urination