Ch 19 Lec 1 - Endocrine System Flashcards
1
Q
endocrine system is blank with blank effects
A
slow, long term
2
Q
endocrine system is interrelated with the blank system
A
nervous
3
Q
the blank directly innervates the endocrine system
A
hypothalamus
4
Q
hormones produced by specialized cell and carried in blood stream
A
ductless system
5
Q
exocrine uses a blank
A
duct
6
Q
endocrine hormones go to blank
A
everywhere
7
Q
substance synthesized by a specific organ or tissue and secreted
A
hormones
8
Q
blood carries hormones to other sites which is called blank
A
endocrine signaling
9
Q
hormones secreted into extracellular spaces which is called blank
A
paracrine signaling
10
Q
hormones act on blank
A
target cells
11
Q
target cells have specific blank for specific hormones
A
receptors
12
Q
four categories of hormones
A
steroids, peptides, amines, eicosanoids
13
Q
hormones that are made of cholesterol and non polar
A
steroids
14
Q
hormones that are polar
A
peptides
15
Q
hormones that are derived from amino acids and are polar or non polar
A
amines
16
Q
hormones that are mostly non polar and are paracrine signals
A
eicosanoids
17
Q
steroids can cross blank
A
membranes
18
Q
derived from tyrosine or tryptophan
A
amine hormones
19
Q
some are membrane blank and others are not
A
soluble
20
Q
most important amine hormones are made by blank and blank
A
thyroid, adrenal medulla
21
Q
short chaiins of amino acids and are too big to cross membranes and are all pituitary hormones
A
peptide hormones
22
Q
control of hormone secretion is an example of blank
A
negative feedback
23
Q
in negative feedback, blank is established and it works just like a blank
A
homeostasis, furnace
24
Q
hypothalamus sends signals to the body and the blank gland
A
pituitary
25
pituitary gland is the most important endocrine gland for blank
regulation
26
two lobes of pituitary gland
posterior, anterior
27
posterior lobe of pituitary gland does not make any blank
hormones
28
posterior lobe of pituitary is mostly for blank
hypothalamic axons
29
anterior lobe of pituitary has blank types of endocrine cells
five
30
two hypothalamic regulatory hormones of the anterior pituitary lobe
releasing, inhibiting
31
eicoanoids are mostly blank and are blank
non polar, prostaglandins
32
posterior pituitary hormone that causes contraction of muscles in uterine walls
oxytocin
33
oxytocin also causes muscles associated with milk ejection to blank as well as prostate gland
contract
34
oxytocin is significant in blank bonding
emotional
35
posterior pituitary hormone that caused kidney to decrease water excretion
antidiuretic hormon
36
antidiuretic hormone increased blank
blood volume
37
anterior pituitary hormone that causes increase in melatonin secretion
melanocyte stimulating hormone
38
anterior pituitary hormone that causes tested to produce sperm, follicular development in ovary and stimulate secretion of estrogen
follicle stimulating hormone
39
anterior pituitary hormone that promotes secretion of sex hormones and releases oocyte
luteinizing hormone
40
anterior pituitary hormone that increases size and rate of reproduction of body cells like muscles and bones
growth hormone
41
growth hormone is secreted throughout life but increases at blank
puberty
42
anterior pituitary hormone that controls secretion of thyroid hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
43
anterior pituitary hormone that targets mammary tissue to produce milk
prolactin
44
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids
adrenocorticotropic hormone
45
two lobes and isthmus connecting this gland
thyroid
46
thyroid is inferior to blank
larynx
47
thyroid has blank cells
follicular
48
follicular cells remove blank from blood
iodine
49
follicular cells secrete blank
T3 and T4
50
thyroid has blank cells as well
parafollicular
51
parafollicular cells make blank
calcitonin
52
thyroxine is made by follicular cells and is blank
T4
53
T3 is a thyroid hormone called
triiodothyronine
54
thyroxine is for blank
growth
55
triiodothyronine is same as T4 but is blank times more potent
five
56
parafollicular cell that is for decreasing calcium
calcitonin
57
parathyroid glands are on the blank surface of thyroid
posterior
58
parathyroid gland makes blank hormone which increased blood calcium
parathyroid hormone
59
parathyroid glands have blank cells which produce parathyroid hormone
chief cells
60
melatonin helps with blank
circadian rhythms
61
pineal gland makes blank
melatonin
62
thisis in the epithalamus and produces pineacytes
pineal gland
63
this prepares body for pregnancy
progesterone
64
the corpus luteum produces these two things
estrogens, progesterone
65
follicles produce these two things
estrogen, inhibin
66
post ovulation part of female gonads
corpus luteum
67
pre ovulation part of female gonads
follicles
68
these have follicles and the corpus luteum
female gonads
69
these cells secrete inhibin which stimulates sperm creation
nurse cells
70
male gonads have these two cells
interstitial, nurse
71
these secrete androgens like testosterone in male gonads
instersitial cells
72
pancreas cells that make somatostatin which inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
delta
73
pancreas cells that make insulin
beta
74
pancreas cells that make glucagon
alpha
75
three cells of pancreas
alpha, beta, delta
76
pancreas has blank which are for endocrine function
islets of langerhans
77
this is posterior to the stomach and is attached to a duodenum by a duct and is exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
78
this is in the heart and suppresses aldosterone and decreases blood volume and blood pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide
79
this increases absorption of digested calcium
calcitrol
80
this is for erythrocyte production
erythropoietin
81
this starts cascade to increase blood pressure
renin
82
kidney has these three things in it
renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol
83
adrenal medulla makes these
epinephrine, norepinephrine
84
this adrenal gland is separate from adrenal cortex and has chromaffin cells which are modified postganglionic cells of the SNS
adrenal medulla
85
adrenal cortex gland that produces androgens and is for secondary sex characteristics
reticularis
86
adrenal cortex gland that produces cortisol and is for glycogen formation
fasciculata
87
adrenal cortex gland that produces aldosterone and is for sodium retention
glomerulosa
88
adrenal cortex is made up of these three adrenal glands
glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
89
thymus is most active in blank
childhood
90
thymus produces blank
thymosin
91
gland in the thoracic cavity that is posterior to the sternum and enhances lymphocyte production and competence
thymus
92
gland in the thoracic cavity that is posterior to the sternum and enhances lymphocyte production and competence
thymus
92
thymus produces blank
thymosin
92
thymus is most active in blank
childhood
92
adrenal cortex is made up of these three adrenal glands
glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
92
adrenal cortex gland that produces aldosterone and is for sodium retention
glomerulosa
92
adrenal cortex gland that produces cortisol and is for glycogen formation
fasciculata
92
adrenal cortex gland that produces androgens and is for secondary sex characteristics
reticularis
92
this adrenal gland is separate from adrenal cortex and has chromaffin cells which are modified postganglionic cells of the SNS
adrenal medulla
92
adrenal medulla makes these
epinephrine, norepinephrine
92
kidney has these three things in it
renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol
92
this starts cascade to increase blood pressure
renin
92
this is for erythrocyte production
erythropoietin
92
this increases absorption of digested calcium
calcitrol
92
this is in the heart and suppresses aldosterone and decreases blood volume and blood pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide
92
this is posterior to the stomach and is attached to a duodenum by a duct and is exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
92
pancreas has blank which are for endocrine function
islets of langerhans
92
three cells of pancreas
alpha, beta, delta
92
pancreas cells that make glucagon
alpha
92
pancreas cells that make insulin
beta
92
pancreas cells that make somatostatin which inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
delta
92
these secrete androgens like testosterone in male gonads
instersitial cells
92
male gonads have these two cells
interstitial, nurse
92
these cells secrete inhibin which stimulates sperm creation
nurse cells
92
these have follicles and the corpus luteum
female gonads
92
pre ovulation part of female gonads
follicles
92
post ovulation part of female gonads
corpus luteum
92
follicles produce these two things
estrogen, inhibin
92
the corpus luteum produces these two things
estrogens, progesterone
92
this prepares body for pregnancy
progesterone
92
thisis in the epithalamus and produces pineacytes
pineal gland
92
pineal gland makes blank
melatonin
92
melatonin helps with blank
circadian rhythms
