Ch 19 Lec 1 - Endocrine System Flashcards
endocrine system is blank with blank effects
slow, long term
endocrine system is interrelated with the blank system
nervous
the blank directly innervates the endocrine system
hypothalamus
hormones produced by specialized cell and carried in blood stream
ductless system
exocrine uses a blank
duct
endocrine hormones go to blank
everywhere
substance synthesized by a specific organ or tissue and secreted
hormones
blood carries hormones to other sites which is called blank
endocrine signaling
hormones secreted into extracellular spaces which is called blank
paracrine signaling
hormones act on blank
target cells
target cells have specific blank for specific hormones
receptors
four categories of hormones
steroids, peptides, amines, eicosanoids
hormones that are made of cholesterol and non polar
steroids
hormones that are polar
peptides
hormones that are derived from amino acids and are polar or non polar
amines
hormones that are mostly non polar and are paracrine signals
eicosanoids
steroids can cross blank
membranes
derived from tyrosine or tryptophan
amine hormones
some are membrane blank and others are not
soluble
most important amine hormones are made by blank and blank
thyroid, adrenal medulla
short chaiins of amino acids and are too big to cross membranes and are all pituitary hormones
peptide hormones
control of hormone secretion is an example of blank
negative feedback
in negative feedback, blank is established and it works just like a blank
homeostasis, furnace
hypothalamus sends signals to the body and the blank gland
pituitary
pituitary gland is the most important endocrine gland for blank
regulation
two lobes of pituitary gland
posterior, anterior
posterior lobe of pituitary gland does not make any blank
hormones
posterior lobe of pituitary is mostly for blank
hypothalamic axons
anterior lobe of pituitary has blank types of endocrine cells
five
two hypothalamic regulatory hormones of the anterior pituitary lobe
releasing, inhibiting
eicoanoids are mostly blank and are blank
non polar, prostaglandins
posterior pituitary hormone that causes contraction of muscles in uterine walls
oxytocin
oxytocin also causes muscles associated with milk ejection to blank as well as prostate gland
contract
oxytocin is significant in blank bonding
emotional
posterior pituitary hormone that caused kidney to decrease water excretion
antidiuretic hormon
antidiuretic hormone increased blank
blood volume
anterior pituitary hormone that causes increase in melatonin secretion
melanocyte stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary hormone that causes tested to produce sperm, follicular development in ovary and stimulate secretion of estrogen
follicle stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary hormone that promotes secretion of sex hormones and releases oocyte
luteinizing hormone
anterior pituitary hormone that increases size and rate of reproduction of body cells like muscles and bones
growth hormone
growth hormone is secreted throughout life but increases at blank
puberty
anterior pituitary hormone that controls secretion of thyroid hormone
thyroid stimulating hormone
anterior pituitary hormone that targets mammary tissue to produce milk
prolactin
anterior pituitary hormone that stimulates adrenal cortex to produce corticosteroids
adrenocorticotropic hormone
two lobes and isthmus connecting this gland
thyroid
thyroid is inferior to blank
larynx
thyroid has blank cells
follicular
follicular cells remove blank from blood
iodine
follicular cells secrete blank
T3 and T4
thyroid has blank cells as well
parafollicular
parafollicular cells make blank
calcitonin
thyroxine is made by follicular cells and is blank
T4
T3 is a thyroid hormone called
triiodothyronine
thyroxine is for blank
growth
triiodothyronine is same as T4 but is blank times more potent
five
parafollicular cell that is for decreasing calcium
calcitonin
parathyroid glands are on the blank surface of thyroid
posterior
parathyroid gland makes blank hormone which increased blood calcium
parathyroid hormone
parathyroid glands have blank cells which produce parathyroid hormone
chief cells
melatonin helps with blank
circadian rhythms
pineal gland makes blank
melatonin
thisis in the epithalamus and produces pineacytes
pineal gland
this prepares body for pregnancy
progesterone
the corpus luteum produces these two things
estrogens, progesterone
follicles produce these two things
estrogen, inhibin
post ovulation part of female gonads
corpus luteum
pre ovulation part of female gonads
follicles
these have follicles and the corpus luteum
female gonads
these cells secrete inhibin which stimulates sperm creation
nurse cells
male gonads have these two cells
interstitial, nurse
these secrete androgens like testosterone in male gonads
instersitial cells
pancreas cells that make somatostatin which inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
delta
pancreas cells that make insulin
beta
pancreas cells that make glucagon
alpha
three cells of pancreas
alpha, beta, delta
pancreas has blank which are for endocrine function
islets of langerhans
this is posterior to the stomach and is attached to a duodenum by a duct and is exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
this is in the heart and suppresses aldosterone and decreases blood volume and blood pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide
this increases absorption of digested calcium
calcitrol
this is for erythrocyte production
erythropoietin
this starts cascade to increase blood pressure
renin
kidney has these three things in it
renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol
adrenal medulla makes these
epinephrine, norepinephrine
this adrenal gland is separate from adrenal cortex and has chromaffin cells which are modified postganglionic cells of the SNS
adrenal medulla
adrenal cortex gland that produces androgens and is for secondary sex characteristics
reticularis
adrenal cortex gland that produces cortisol and is for glycogen formation
fasciculata
adrenal cortex gland that produces aldosterone and is for sodium retention
glomerulosa
adrenal cortex is made up of these three adrenal glands
glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
thymus is most active in blank
childhood
thymus produces blank
thymosin
gland in the thoracic cavity that is posterior to the sternum and enhances lymphocyte production and competence
thymus
gland in the thoracic cavity that is posterior to the sternum and enhances lymphocyte production and competence
thymus
thymus produces blank
thymosin
thymus is most active in blank
childhood
adrenal cortex is made up of these three adrenal glands
glomerulosa, fasciculata, reticularis
adrenal cortex gland that produces aldosterone and is for sodium retention
glomerulosa
adrenal cortex gland that produces cortisol and is for glycogen formation
fasciculata
adrenal cortex gland that produces androgens and is for secondary sex characteristics
reticularis
this adrenal gland is separate from adrenal cortex and has chromaffin cells which are modified postganglionic cells of the SNS
adrenal medulla
adrenal medulla makes these
epinephrine, norepinephrine
kidney has these three things in it
renin, erythropoietin, calcitriol
this starts cascade to increase blood pressure
renin
this is for erythrocyte production
erythropoietin
this increases absorption of digested calcium
calcitrol
this is in the heart and suppresses aldosterone and decreases blood volume and blood pressure
atrial natriuretic peptide
this is posterior to the stomach and is attached to a duodenum by a duct and is exocrine and endocrine
pancreas
pancreas has blank which are for endocrine function
islets of langerhans
three cells of pancreas
alpha, beta, delta
pancreas cells that make glucagon
alpha
pancreas cells that make insulin
beta
pancreas cells that make somatostatin which inhibits glucagon and insulin secretion
delta
these secrete androgens like testosterone in male gonads
instersitial cells
male gonads have these two cells
interstitial, nurse
these cells secrete inhibin which stimulates sperm creation
nurse cells
these have follicles and the corpus luteum
female gonads
pre ovulation part of female gonads
follicles
post ovulation part of female gonads
corpus luteum
follicles produce these two things
estrogen, inhibin
the corpus luteum produces these two things
estrogens, progesterone
this prepares body for pregnancy
progesterone
thisis in the epithalamus and produces pineacytes
pineal gland
pineal gland makes blank
melatonin
melatonin helps with blank
circadian rhythms
