Ch 5 Lec 2 - Skeletal System

Question 1

fibrous connective tissue that surrounds cartilage

Answer 1

perichondrium

Question 2

the perichondrium provides support and protection and makes new blank

Answer 2

chondrocytes

Question 3

two layers of perichondrium

Answer 3

inner, outer

Question 4

layer of perichondrium that binds to cartilage and provides support and protection

Answer 4

outer

Question 5

layer of perichondrium that has the matrix

Answer 5

inner

Question 6

this starts in the perichondrium and allows the perichondrium to grow

Answer 6

appositional growht

Question 7

chondroblasts secrete blank

Answer 7

matrix

Question 8

chondroblasts enclosed in the matrix become blank

Answer 8

chondrocytes

Question 9

growth where chondrocytes are enclosed in matrix and divide

Answer 9

interstitial growth

Question 10

matrix forms between chondrocytes and this is the growth of cartilage from within

Answer 10

interstitial growth

Question 11

supportive connective tissue that contains specialized cells and has a solid extracellular matrix

Answer 11

osseous tissue

Question 12

an organic portion of protein fibers in osseous tissue

Answer 12

osteoid

Question 13

the ground substance of osseous tissue

Answer 13

calcium salts / water

Question 14

bone is produced by these cells (first stage)

Answer 14

osteoprogenitor

Question 15

bone is created by these cells (stage that does something)

Answer 15

osteoblasts

Question 16

derived from osteogenic cells and secrete osteoid, and is the predecessor to osteocytes

Answer 16

osteoblasts

Question 17

increased osteoblast activity =

Answer 17

stronger bone

Question 18

mature cells that exist within matrix and maintain Ca and PO4 homeostasis

Answer 18

osteocytes

Question 19

osteocytes are found in spaces called blank

Answer 19

lacunae

Question 20

blank is how osteocytes get oxygen, get nutrients, and communicate

Answer 20

canaliculi

Question 21

chain of bone formation

Answer 21

osteoprogenitor, osteoblasts, osteocytes, osteoclasts (not same cell)

Question 22

these are involved in bone cycle and are white blood cell derived

Answer 22

osteoclasts

Question 23

osteoclasts are involved in blank

Answer 23

osteolysis

Question 24

more osteoclast production =

Answer 24

weaker bone

Question 25

osteoclasts are very blank

Answer 25

large

Question 26

bone matrix is made up of these two things

Answer 26

osteoid, inorganic materials

Question 27

makes up 65 percent of bone matrix and are brittle salts

Answer 27

inorganic materials

Question 28

three inorganic materials that make up bone matrix

Answer 28

hydroxyapatite, calcium carbonate, ions

Question 29

organic part of bone matrix and makes up 35 percent

Answer 29

osteoid

Question 30

three fibers that make up osteoid of bone matrix

Answer 30

collagen, glycoproteins, proteoglycans

Question 31

the result of bone matrix is both blank and blank

Answer 31

strong, flexible

Question 32

two types of bone

Answer 32

compact, spongy

Question 33

compact bone is arranged in blank

Answer 33

osteons

Question 34

spongy bones are arranged in blank

Answer 34

trabeculae

Question 35

these connect one cell to the next cell in compact bone osteocytes

Answer 35

canaliculi

Question 36

in the center of each osteon is a blank

Answer 36

blood vessel

Question 37

concentric blank of matrix surrounding a central blank canal

Answer 37

lamellae, haversian

Question 38

osteons are connected to each other by blank canals

Answer 38

perforating

Question 39

three types of lamellae

Answer 39

concentric, interstitial, circumferential

Question 40

layers of bone surrounding the central canal and make up osteons

Answer 40

concentric lamellae

Question 41

lamellae that is found between the osteons and represent older osteons partially removed during tissue remodeling

Answer 41

interstitial

Question 42

lamellae that surrounds the compact bone and is produced by the blank

Answer 42

circumferential, periosteum

Question 43

spongy bones can also be called blank

Answer 43

cancellous

Question 44

contains trabeculae, canaliculi, matrix, and osteocytes

Answer 44

spongy bone

Question 45

spongy bone does not have these two things

Answer 45

osteons, central canal

Question 46

spongy bone is mostly on the blank of the bone

Answer 46

ends

Question 47

blank is made of bone and is in spongy bone but is not an osteon. It has lamellae, canaliculi, but not a central canal

Answer 47

trabeculae

Question 48

latticework of thin plates of bone oriented a long lines of stress

Answer 48

trabeculae

Question 49

spaces of trabeculae are filled with blank where blood cells develop

Answer 49

red marrow

Question 50

these lighten the bone and allows for movement

Answer 50

trabeculae

Question 51

trabeculae have blank instead of blank

Answer 51

red marrow, blood vessels

Question 52

this encloses bone and is absent at the site of attachment of muscles, tendons and ligaments

Answer 52

periosteum

Question 53

two layers of periodsteum

Answer 53

outer fibrous, inner

Question 54

layer of periosteum that gives rise to collagen

Answer 54

outer fibrous

Question 55

layer of periosteum that is for growth or new cells and maintenance

Answer 55

inner

Question 56

1 cell layer and covers surfaces of spongy bone and medullary cavity

Answer 56

endosteum

Question 57

three types of cells in endosteum

Answer 57

osteogenic, osteoblasts, osteoclasts

Question 58

shaft of long bone

Answer 58

diaphysis

Question 59

one end of a long bone

Answer 59

epiphysis

Question 60

growth plate region of long bone

Answer 60

metaphysis

Question 61

over joint surfaces, acts as friction and shock absorber of a long bone

Answer 61

articular cartilage

Question 62

marrow cavity of a long bone

Answer 62

medullary cavity

Question 63

bone marrow that is areolar and adipose connective tissue and is absent in infants and is for energy storage

Answer 63

yellow

Question 64

bone marrow that is areolar and myeloid tissue and produces blood cells

Answer 64

red marrow

Question 65

supply periosteum with blood

Answer 65

periosteal arteries

Question 66

these enter through nutrient foramen and supplies compact bone of diaphysis and yellow marrow with blood

Answer 66

nutrient arteries

Question 67

supply red marrow and bone tissue of epiphyses and metaphyses with blood

Answer 67

metaphyseal and epiphyseal arteries

Question 68

each artery supply of bone also has a corresponding blank

Answer 68

vein

Question 69

replacing connective tissue with bone

Answer 69

ossification

Question 70

mesenchymal cells growing into spongy bone is called blank growth

Answer 70

intramembranous

Question 71

hyaline cartilage grows into spongy bone in this growth

Answer 71

endochondral

Question 72

this ossification begins at week 8 in embryo and is mostly finished by week 15

Answer 72

intramembranous

Question 73

this forms the cranial flat bones, facial bones, dentary bones, clavicle, and sesmoid bones

Answer 73

intramembranous ossification

Question 74

location where bone growth begins

Answer 74

primary ossification center

Question 75

these cells arrange around blood vessels

Answer 75

mesenchymal

Question 76

bone blank proteins are released after mesencyhmal cells arrange

Answer 76

morphogenic

Question 77

mesenchymal cells turn into blank

Answer 77

osteoblasts

Question 78

osteoblasts secrete blank

Answer 78

osteoid

Question 79

osteoblasts become isolated which forms blank

Answer 79

osteocytes

Question 80

mesenchymal cells at surface form inner layer of blank

Answer 80

periosteum

Question 81

calcified matrix is degraded by blank to form blank bone

Answer 81

osteoclasts, spongy

Question 82

end result of intramembranous ossification

Answer 82

spongy bone with a thin layer of compact bone

Question 83

ossification where bone replaces a cartilage model

Answer 83

endochondral

Question 84

this begins at week 7 of embryo and continues to adulthood

Answer 84

endochondral ossifiction

Question 85

this forms long bones, many short bones, non cranial irregular and flate bones, middle ear ossicles

Answer 85

endochondral ossification