Ch 21 Lec 2 - Heart Flashcards
two atrioventricular valves
bicuspid, tricuspid
we have two ventricles because humans have a blank
high metabolism
tricuspid valve is aka right blank valve
av
tricuspid valve on the blank
right
tricuspid valve opens when blank force is greater and closes when blank force is greater
atrial, ventricular
bicuspid valve is on the blank
left
these hold valves in place and attach to cusps on ventricle side
chordae tendonae
small bundles of muscles that attach to the chordae tendonae
papillary muscles
when valves close, papillary muscles blank
contract and tighten cords
scaffolding on interior walls of ventricles
trabeculae carneae
valves between ventricle and artery
semilunar
valve on the right at the entrance to the pulmonary trunk and opens when right blank contracts
pulmonary, ventricle
valve on the left at entrance to aorta and opens when left blank contracts
aortic, ventricle
right atrium receives blood from blank and blank plus the coronary sinus
superior and inferior vena cava
path of blood
right atrium, right av valve, right ventricle, pulmonary valve, pulmonary trunk, to lungs, left atrium, left av valve, left ventricle, aortic valve, aorta, to tissues
funnel leading from right ventricle to pulmonary trunk
conus arteriosus
receives blood from pulmonary veins
left atrium
supplies the heart tissues with blood and blockage can result in a heart tissue dying
coronary circulation
these branch directly off of the aorta as it emerges
coronary arteries
left coronary artery has these two branches
circumflex, anterior interventricular artery
right coronary artery has these two branches
posterior interventricular artery, marginal artery
these drain the myocardium
cardiac veins
three cardiac veins
great, middle, small
this empties into the right atrium
coronary sinus
contractile phase of heart where chamber empties
systole
relaxation phase of heart and chambers fill
diastole
lub is when the blank valves close
av
dup is when the blank valves close
semilunar
heart beat is enabled by these two things
nodal cells, conducting fibers
specialized muscle cells that conduct action potentials in the heart
nodal cells
distributes stimulus to myocardium in heart
conducting fibers
action potentials move down the heart causing it to contract blank
unevenly
blank contract before blank
atria, ventricles
conduction in the heart is a blank step process
5
the pacemaker of the heart that spontaneously depolarizes
sinoatrial node
sa node is located at the blank of the right atrium
back wall
where four chambers meet
atrioventricular node
signal is transmitted through av node by
interventricular pathways
this transmits down interventricular septum
av bundle
these branch off the av bundle and moves further down the septum
bundle branches
these reflect up external wall of ventricle and extend into papillary muscles
purkinje fibers
three parts of ekg
p wave, qrs, t wave
depolarization of atria in ekg
p wave
depolarization of ventricle in ekg
qrs
repolarization of ventricle in ekg
t wave
cardiac output is blank liters per minute
5
spontaneous contractions of heart
autorhymicity
these chemicals increase rate and force of heart contraction
norepinephrine, epinephrine
two parts of neural control in medulla
cardioacceleratory centers, cardioinhibitory centers
these centers in medulla release norepinephrine and increase heart rate
cardioacceleratory center
center in medulla that releases ach and decreases heart rate
cardioinhibitory center
