Ch 24 Lec 1 - Respiratory System Flashcards
0
Q
nose, nasal cavity, sinuses and pharynx make up this respiratory system
A
upper
1
Q
two parts of respiratory system
A
upper, lower
2
Q
larynx, trachea, bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli make up the blank
A
lower respiratory system
3
Q
gas exchange surface
A
alveoli
4
Q
lung is an extensive area for blank
A
gas exchange
5
Q
respiratory produces blank
A
vocalization
6
Q
respiratory system also helps with blank and blank
A
protection, regulation
7
Q
increase the blank of the membrane to increase efficiency of membrane
A
surface area
8
Q
decrease the blank of the membrane to increase efficiency of gas exchange
A
thickness
9
Q
highly blank the respiratory membrane to maximize the concentration gradient to increase gas exchange efficiency
A
vascularize
10
Q
gases exchange better with blank surfaces
A
moisture
11
Q
two types of cartilage in nose
A
lateral nasal, major/minor alar
12
Q
external nares are aka blank
A
nostrils
13
Q
the nose encloses the nasal blank
A
vestibule
14
Q
nasal vestibule is protected by blank and open into blank
A
hairs, nasal cavity
15
Q
inside of nose is the blank
A
nasal vestibule
16
Q
nasal vestibule is divided by blank
A
nasal septum
17
Q
nasal cavity starts at nasal blank and ends at blank
A
vestibule, internal nares
18
Q
nasal cavity is divided into two by the blank
A
nasal septum
19
Q
nasal cavity is separated from oral cavity by blank and blank
A
hard palate, soft palate
20
Q
hard palate is made of blank and blank
A
palatine, maxilla
21
Q
nasal cavity has a blank membrane lining
A
mucus
22
Q
superior region of the nasal cavity with areas of olfactory receptors
A
olfactory region
23
Q
part of nasal cavity with three projections of bone on each side
A
conchae
24
ethmoid and inferior nasal concha bone make up the blank
conchae
25
grooves in between conchae are called blank
meatuses
26
conchae functions to blank out airborne particles
filter
27
conchae divides nasal cavity into blank
passages
28
conchae supports blank membranes
mucous
29
conchae increase blank and blank
surface area, turbulence
30
air filled sacs within cranial bones
sinuses
31
four sinuses
maxillary, frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid
32
sinuses open into blank cavity
nasal
33
sinuses are lined with blank
mucous membranes
34
sinus functions to decrease blank of skull
weight
35
sinuses produce blank
mucus
36
throat is aka blank
pharynx
37
shared passageway for respiratory and digestive system
pharynx
38
pharynx above uvula and posterior to internal nares
nasopharynx
39
function of pharynx is a blank for food and air and is for blank production
passage, sound
40
two layers of respiratory tree
mucosa, submucosa
41
layer of respiratory tree that has goblet cells in pseudostratified ciliated columnar epithelium
mucosa
42
layer of respiratory tree that has areolar connective tissue and serous and mucous glands
submucosa
43
there is blank cartilage and blank muscle in the respiratory tree
hyaline, trachealis
44
trachealis muscle is blank and longitudinal blank muscle
transverse, smooth
45
there is blank muscle as one moves closer to the lungs
more
46
enlargement in airway at top of trachea and below pharynx
larynx
47
larynx routes air and blank to proper blank
food, channels
48
larynx surrounds and protects blank
glottis
49
opening into larynx
glottis
50
larynx houses blank
vocal cords
51
composed of muscles and cartilage held together by elastic tissue
larynx
52
cartilage of larynx that is Adam's apple
thyroid
53
larynx cartilage that supports epiglottis
cricoid
54
larynx cartilages that attach and control vocal cords
arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform
55
folds in mucous membrane
vocal cords
56
false vocal cords that create no sound and muscles help close larynx during swallowing
vestibular folds
57
true vocal cords that cause sound production
vocal folds
58
air pushed past vocal folds causes blank
vibration
59
pitch is controlled by changing tension of blank
cords
60
tight tension means blank pitch
high
61
more force of air means blank sound
louder
62
oral cavity, lips, and tongue change blank
sound
63
flexible tube that connects larynx with bronchi
trachea
64
the trachea has a blank which is a ciliated mucous membrane with goblet cells that beats continuously and expels mucous loaded with debris
Inner wall
65
function of trachea is to filter and direct incoming blank
air
66
trachea has cartilage blank that prevent collapsing
rings
67
these are formed by division of trachea
bronchi
68
bronchi are split at blank
carina
69
bronchi enter lungs at blank
hilus
70
bronchi subdivide into smaller and smaller blank
branches
71
divisions of bronchi
primary, secondary, tertiary, bronchioles
72
in bronchi there is a difference between blank
sides
73
this bronchus is wider, shorter, straighter, and divides into blank parts whereas blank only has blank
right, three, left, two
74
there are blank terminal bronchioles
6500
75
smooth muscle and little cartilage in bronchioles which causes blank and blank
bronchodilation, bronchoconstriction
76
terminal bronchioles branch into respiratory blank
lobules
77
there are fifty to eighty terminal branches per blank
lobule
78
these lead to alveolar sacs
alveolar ducts
79
these contain several alveoli
alveolar sacs
80
there are blank alveoli per lung
150 million
81
each alveoli is associated with a network of blank
capillaries
82
alveoli have an abundance of blank fibers
elastic
83
The trachea has 20 c shaped pieces of blank cartilage
Hyaline
84
alveolus consists of these cells which are a moist lining that aids in diffusion across respiratory membrane and made of simple squamous epithelium for gas exchange
pneumocyte type 1
85
alveolus consists of these cells which do not do gas exchange but secrete pulmonary blank
pneumocyte type 2, surfactant
86
pulmonary surfactant is a fluid with a lower blank force than water
cohesive
87
pulmonary surfactant has blank walls that dont stick to eachother
alveolar
88
pulmonary surfactant prevents blank of alveoli
collapse
89
alveolus contains these two connective tissues
fibroblasts, macrophages
90
these are in the thoracic cavity and are surrounded by two membranes
lungs
91
two membranes of lungs
visceral pleura, parietal pleura
92
the blank is in between the two pleura of lungs
pleural cavity
93
all vessels and bronchi enter here in lungs
hilus
94
left lung has blank lobes while right has blank
2, 3
95
lung lobes divide into blank
lobules
96
type of respiration with moving air in and out
pulmonary ventilation
97
type of respiration that is gas exchange
external respiration
98
type of respiration that is transport of oxygen and carbon dioxide
respiratory transport
99
type of respiration that is gas exchange between blood and tissue
internal respiration
100
breathing works depending on the blank changes in the blank cavity
volume, thoracic
101
two phases of breathing
inspiration, expiration
102
volume changes lead to blank change in breathing
pressure
103
when pressure changes, gases flow to blank pressure
equalize
104
during inspiration, blank and blank muscles contract
external intercostal, diaphragm
105
on inspiration, this expands
thoracic cavity
106
on inspiration, pressure in the pleural cavity blank
decrease
107
on inspiration, air moves blank lungs to equalize pressure
into
108
a passive process where muscles relax and recoil shrinks thoracic cavity
expiration
109
during expiration, prussure blank in pleural cavity in lungs
increases
110
during this, internal intercostals, external obliques, and abdominal recti muscles contract
forced expiration
111
in expiration, air moves blank to equalize pressure
out
