Ch 7-3 Flashcards
What is the primary process that drives ATP production in cellular respiration?
Oxidative phosphorylation
What are the products of pyruvate oxidation?
Acetyl-CoA, CO2, and NADH.
Where does the electron transport chain occur in eukaryotic cells?
Inner mitochondrial membrane
What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?
Oxygen
How many molecules of NADH are produced per turn of the citric acid cycle?
Three NADH molecules.
What molecule shuttles electrons between complexes in the electron transport chain?
Ubiquinone (Coenzyme Q).
What process follows the electron transport chain to generate ATP?
Chemiosmosis
What is the total ATP yield per glucose molecule in cellular respiration?
30 to 32 ATP.
What is the function of ATP synthase?
To synthesize ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate using the proton gradient.
What type of organisms use both fermentation and aerobic respiration depending on oxygen availability?
Facultative anaerobes
t/f FADH2 generates more ATP than NADH during oxidative phosphorylation.
A: False (NADH generates more ATP).
T/F : Proton pumping occurs in complexes I, III, and IV of the electron transport chain.
TRUE
T/F: Ubiquinone is a protein that transports electrons between complexes in the electron transport chain.
False (Ubiquinone is not a protein).
T/F = Anaerobic respiration produces more ATP than aerobic respiration.
False, (aerobic respiration produces more ATP)
T/F : Oxidative phosphorylation requires oxygen to function.
True
T/f ; The citric acid cycle produces ATP directly.
True (but only one ATP per cycle)
T/F : Cytochrome proteins are involved in electron transport in the electron transport chain.
TRUE
T/F: The chemiosmotic process is independent of the electron transport chain.
False (it depends on the electron transport chain to create the proton gradient).
T/F: Complex II of the electron transport chain is a proton pump.
A: False (Complex II is not a proton pump).
T/F: Facultative anaerobes can switch between fermentation and aerobic respiration.
TRUE
What is the main role of NADH and FADH2 in cellular respiration?
(a) Energy storage (b) Electron carriers (c) Oxygen carriers
B) ELECTRON CARRIERS
How many ATP are generated from one NADH during oxidative phosphorylation?
(a) 1.5 (b) 2.5 (c) 3.5
B) 2.5
Which process creates the proton gradient used in chemiosmosis?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Electron transport chain
(c) Citric acid cycle
B) ELECTRON TRANSPORT CHAIN
What is the maximum number of ATP molecules produced per glucose molecule during aerobic respiration?
a) 32 (b) 24 (c) 18
A ) 32
Where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotic cells?
(a) Cytosol (b) Mitochondrial matrix (c) Intermembrane space
C) MITOCHONDRIAL MATRIX
Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?
(a) NADH (b) FADH2 (c) Oxygen
C) O2
What is the function of the proton-motive force?
(a) Drive the synthesis of ATP
(b) Produce CO2
(c) Split glucose
A) DRIVE THE SYNTHESIS OF ATP
How many ATP molecules are produced during glycolysis?
(a) 2 (b) 4 (c) 8
A) 2 net atp
What molecule is required to start the citric acid cycle?
(a) Pyruvate (b) Acetyl-CoA (c) Glucose
B) acetyl-coa
Which of the following is the first protein in the electron transport chain?
(a) Cytochrome c (b) Flavoprotein (c) ATP synthase
B) flavoprotein
What is the end product of chemiosmosis?
(a) Oxygen (b) CO2 (c) ATP
C) ATP
Where does anaerobic respiration typically occur?
(a) Mitochondria (b) Cytoplasm (c) Nucleus
B) CYTOPLASM
How does the proton gradient help ATP synthase?
(a) Provides electrons
(b) Powers ATP production
(c) Breaks down glucose
B) powers ATP production
Which electron carrier enters the electron transport chain at Complex II?
(a) NADH
(b) FADH2
(c) Cytochrome c
B) FADH2
What is the function of cytochrome proteins in the electron transport chain?
a) Act as electron carriers
(b) Produce ATP
(c) Pump protons
A) ACT AS ELECTRON CARRIERS
How many protons are pumped into the intermembrane space by NADH?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 6
B) 3
What is the final product of anaerobic respiration?
(a) Oxygen
(b) Lactic acid
(c) Pyruvate
C) lactic acid
Which complex in the electron transport chain does not pump protons?
(a) Complex I
(b) Complex II
(c) Complex III
B) complex II
Which molecule is an alternative electron acceptor in anaerobic respiration?
(a) Sulfate (b) Oxygen (c) NADH
A) SULFATE
Which process generates the most ATP in cellular respiration?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Oxidative phosphorylation
(c) Citric acid cycle
B) oxidative phosphorylation
In which part of the mitochondrion does chemiosmosis occur?
a) Matrix
(b) Intermembrane space
(c) Inner membrane
(c) Inner membrane
Which of the following occurs first during cellular respiration?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Citric acid cycle
(c) Electron transport chain
A) glycolysis
What is the function of Complex IV in the electron transport chain?
a) Pump protons
(b) Transfer electrons to oxygen
(c) Produce ATP
B) transfer electrons to oxygen
How does the electron transport chain create an electrochemical gradient?
(a) By producing CO2
(b) By pumping protons across the membrane
(c) By synthesizing glucose
B) by pumping protons across the membrane
Which organisms cannot survive in the presence of oxygen?
(a) Facultative anaerobes
(b) Obligate anaerobes
(c) Aerobic bacteria
B) obligate anaerobes
Which electron carrier is reduced during glycolysis?
a) FAD (b) NAD+ (c) Ubiquinone
B) NAD+
What is the role of oxygen in cellular respiration?
(a) ATP producer
(b) Final electron acceptor
(c) Enzyme
B) final electron acceptor
Which process generates carbon dioxide during cellular respiration?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Citric acid cycle
(c) Chemiosmosis
B) citric acid cycle
How many FADH2 molecules are produced per turn of the citric acid cycle?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3
A) 1
What happens to NADH in the electron transport chain?
(a) It is oxidized
(b) It is reduced
(c) It is broken down
A) it is oxidized