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BIOL > Ch 13-2 > Flashcards

Ch 13-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What were the two rival theories for replication until the late 1950s?

A

Conservative and dispersive replication

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2
Q

Whose experiment proved the semi-conservative form of replication?

A

Matthew Meselson and Franklin Stahl

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3
Q

What is the name for the sites where DNA replication begins?

A

Origins of replication

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4
Q

What enzyme unwinds the DNA strands at the replication fork?

A

Helicase

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5
Q

What is the function of single-strand binding proteins

A

To keep the single strands of DNA from rebinding to one another

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6
Q

What enzyme creates a short RNA primer to initiate DNA synthesis?

A

Primase

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7
Q

In what direction is DNA synthesized?

A

5’ – 3’ direction

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8
Q

On which strand of DNA does synthesis occur continuously?

A

Leading strand

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9
Q

What are the short fragments of DNA synthesized on the lagging strand called?

A

Okazaki fragments

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10
Q

What enzyme joins together the Okazaki fragments?

A

DNA ligase

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11
Q

Meselson and Stahl grew E.coli in media with nucleotide precursors using ________ (heavier)

A

15 N

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12
Q

If conservative replication was correct, DNA of _________ densities would have been found after the first replication

A

Two

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13
Q

Eukaryotic cells can have ________ of origins of replication

A

Thousand

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14
Q

__________ enzymes help to relieve strain ahead of the replication fork.

A

Topoisomerase

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15
Q

The enzymes which synthesize DNA are not able to __________ the synthesis reaction

A

Initiate

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16
Q

DNA nucleotides are indicated as ___________ to indicate the presence of deoxyribose rather than ribose.

A

dNTP

17
Q

The two strands of DNA run ___________ to one another

A

Antiparallel

18
Q

Synthesis on the lagging strand cannot occur ___________.

A

Continuously

19
Q

Okazaki fragments are 100-200 dNTP long in ___________.

A

Eukaryotes

20
Q

What type of macromolecule did most scientists originally believe was the inherited material?
○
A. Lipids
○
B. Proteins
○
C. Carbohydrates
○
D. Nucleic Acids

A

B

21
Q

Bacterial transformation involves what type of genetic transfer?
○
A. Horizontal
○
B. Vertical
○
C. Diagonal
○
D. None of the above

A

A

22
Q

Who determined that even proportions of matching bases were found across numerous species?
○
A. Rosalind Franklin
○
B. James Watson
○
C. Francis Crick
○
D. Erwin Chargaff

A

D

23
Q

What technique did Rosalind Franklin use to capture the first images of DNA?
○
A. Microscopy
○
B. Chromatography
○
C. X-ray diffraction
○
D. Electrophoresis

A

C

24
Q

What form of chromatin is easily accessibly and available for transcription?
○
A. Heterochromatin
○
B. Euchromatin
○
C. Chromatin
○
D. None of the above

A

B

25
Q

The Meselson-Stahl experiment proved which model of replication?
○
A. Conservative
○
B. Semiconservative
○
C. Dispersive
○
D. None of the above

A

B

26
Q

How many origins of replication do prokaryotes have?
○
A. One
○
B. Two
○
C. Thousands
○
D. It varies depending on the species

A

A

27
Q

What is the function of DNA polymerase?
○
A. To unwind the DNA double helix
○
B. To create a short RNA primer
○
C. To synthesize new DNA strands
○
D. To join together Okazaki fragments

A

C

28
Q

In which direction does DNA polymerase add nucleotides to the growing DNA strand?
○
A. 3’ to 5’
○
B. 5’ to 3’
○
C. Both directions
○
D. It varies depending on the strand

A

B

29
Q

What is the function of DNA ligase?
○
A. To unwind the DNA double helix
○
B. To create a short RNA primer
○
C. To synthesize new DNA strands
○
D. To join together Okazaki fragments

A

D

30
Q

T/f

DNA replication is a conservative process.

A

F

DNA replication is a semi-conservative process.

31
Q

T/ f

Meselson and Stahl used isotopes of nitrogen to distinguish between old and new DNA strands.

A

T

32
Q

T/f

Prokaryotes have multiple origins of replication.

A

F

Prokaryotes have a single origin of replication.

33
Q

T/f

Helicase unwinds the DNA double helix at the replication fork.

A

T

34
Q

T/f

Topoisomerase prevents the DNA strands from rebinding.

A

F

Single-strand binding proteins prevent the DNA strands from rebinding.

35
Q

T/f

Primase synthesizes a short RNA primer to provide a starting point for DNA polymerase

A

T

36
Q

T/f

DNA polymerase can initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand without a primer.

A

F

DNA polymerase cannot initiate the synthesis of a new DNA strand without a primer.

37
Q

T/f

The leading strand is synthesized continuously, while the lagging strand is synthesized discontinuously.

A

T

38
Q

T/f

Okazaki fragments are found on the leading strand.

A

Okazaki fragments are found on the lagging strand.

39
Q

T/f

DNA ligase seals the gaps between Okazaki fragments.

A

T

BIOL (31 decks)

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