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BIOL > Ch 4-2 > Flashcards

Ch 4-2 Flashcards

1
Q

Where does aerobic respiration occur and what does it make

A

Across inner membrane, it makes ATP

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2
Q

Where is bulk of energy produced

A

Mitochondria

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3
Q

What type of enzyme that peroxisome contain and what does it do

A

It has specialized enzymes which remove hydrogen from certain molecules and transfer them to oxygen through detoxificaion

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4
Q

What organelle is this?
It strips hydrogen from things coming in cell and create peroxide as a byproduct but easily converted to water for detoxification

A

Peroxisomes

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5
Q

What is cytoskeleton composed of

A

Network of fibres which extend through cytoplasm

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6
Q

3 functions of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Support shell shaoe
  2. Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
  3. Motility (movement of things within cell)
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7
Q

3 functions of cytoskeleton

A
  1. Support shell shaoe
  2. Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
  3. Motility (movement of things within cell)
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8
Q

Why is cytoskeleton more dynamic than a true skeleton (bone/cartilage)

A

Able to rearrange and reassemble in diff configurations

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9
Q

Cell motility meaning in cytoskeleton

A

Changes to cell location (whole cell is moving)
Or
Changes to location of cellular components (movement within a cell)

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10
Q

What is the biggest fiber

A

Microtubules (tubulin polymers)

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11
Q

What is microtubules function

A
  1. Maintenance of cell shape
  2. Cell motility (movement)
  3. Chromosome movement
  4. Organelle movement (within cytoplasm)
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12
Q

What is the region of animal cell where microtubules are assembled

A

Centrosome

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13
Q

What is found in animal cells and contain a pair of centrioles

A

Centrosomes

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14
Q

What is the function of microtubules in mitosis

A
  1. Centrosomes/centrioles migrate from original position to opposite poles (one centriole ends up at each pole of cell)
  2. Helps align & separate chromosomes
  3. End of mitosis: single centrosome (one centriole pair) is inherited by each cell
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15
Q

Cilia and flagella similarities

A
  1. Both microtubules containing projections
  2. Act as propellers = make cellular locomotion/ move extracellular substances
  3. Both share a similar structural organization
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16
Q

Cilia and flagella: differences

A
  1. Direction of movements
    - cilia = non locomotive cell movement
    - flagella = spiral (vertical)

Cilia
- act as cells “antenna” that transmit envi info to inside of cell

17
Q

4 functions of intermediate filaments

A
  1. Maintain cell shape
  2. Anchors organelles in place (mostly in nucleus)
  3. Main component of nuclear lamina
  4. Form relatively permanent framework in cell
18
Q

Microfilaments: actin filaments 4 functions

A
  1. Maintaining cell shape
  2. Create network of filaments within plasma membrane
  3. Bundles makeup core of microvilli
  4. W/myosin, help create motility (muscles and unicellular motion)
19
Q

Muscle theory based on sliding-filament theory

A

Thin and thick filaments slide past one another using the energy created through ATP hydrolysis (Ch 39)

20
Q

3 functions of microvilli

A
  1. Increase the SA of cell
  2. Important for increased absorption (intestines)
  3. Supported by micrfilaments
21
Q

Integrins function and what are they

A

Controls interactions and what genes to express
Cell surface receptor proteins

Transmit signals bw external and internal envi
Influence gene expression

22
Q

What are the 3 cell junctions

A
  1. Tight junctions
  2. Desmosomes
  3. Gap junctions
23
Q

Tight junctions function

A

Create a continuous seal around multiple cells to prevent extracellular fluid from leakage

24
Q

Desmosomes functions

A

Make a strong bond bw cells (rivets): forms sheets

25
Q

Gap junctions function

A

Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication

26
Q

Gap junctions function

A

Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication

27
Q

Chloroplast function

A

Site of photosynthesis: light energy to chemical energy (glucose)

Its inside space is organized into thylakoids (sacs)

28
Q

Central vacuole function (4)

A
  1. Primary role in cell growth
  2. Storage for ions
  3. Absorbs water that cell needs
  4. Reduces need for more cytoplasm
29
Q

Cell junction: plasmodesmata function

A

Function: communication bw cells
Allows movement of small molecules & ions bw cells

30
Q

Cell walls are held together by __ found in __

A

Pectin, middle lamella

31
Q

Cell wall function (3)

A

Animal = no cell wall, just cell membrane
Plant = has a cell wall

  1. Protection
  2. Maintain cell shape
  3. Prevents waterlogging
32
Q

Wall is composed of __

A

Cellulose embedded in a matrix of other polysaccharides + proteins

BIOL (22 decks)

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