Ch 4-2 Flashcards
Where does aerobic respiration occur and what does it make
Across inner membrane, it makes ATP
Where is bulk of energy produced
Mitochondria
What type of enzyme that peroxisome contain and what does it do
It has specialized enzymes which remove hydrogen from certain molecules and transfer them to oxygen through detoxificaion
What organelle is this?
It strips hydrogen from things coming in cell and create peroxide as a byproduct but easily converted to water for detoxification
Peroxisomes
What is cytoskeleton composed of
Network of fibres which extend through cytoplasm
3 functions of cytoskeleton
- Support shell shaoe
- Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
- Motility (movement of things within cell)
3 functions of cytoskeleton
- Support shell shaoe
- Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
- Motility (movement of things within cell)
Why is cytoskeleton more dynamic than a true skeleton (bone/cartilage)
Able to rearrange and reassemble in diff configurations
Cell motility meaning in cytoskeleton
Changes to cell location (whole cell is moving)
Or
Changes to location of cellular components (movement within a cell)
What is the biggest fiber
Microtubules (tubulin polymers)
What is microtubules function
- Maintenance of cell shape
- Cell motility (movement)
- Chromosome movement
- Organelle movement (within cytoplasm)
What is the region of animal cell where microtubules are assembled
Centrosome
What is found in animal cells and contain a pair of centrioles
Centrosomes
What is the function of microtubules in mitosis
- Centrosomes/centrioles migrate from original position to opposite poles (one centriole ends up at each pole of cell)
- Helps align & separate chromosomes
- End of mitosis: single centrosome (one centriole pair) is inherited by each cell
Cilia and flagella similarities
- Both microtubules containing projections
- Act as propellers = make cellular locomotion/ move extracellular substances
- Both share a similar structural organization
Cilia and flagella: differences
- Direction of movements
- cilia = non locomotive cell movement
- flagella = spiral (vertical)
Cilia
- act as cells “antenna” that transmit envi info to inside of cell
4 functions of intermediate filaments
- Maintain cell shape
- Anchors organelles in place (mostly in nucleus)
- Main component of nuclear lamina
- Form relatively permanent framework in cell
Microfilaments: actin filaments 4 functions
- Maintaining cell shape
- Create network of filaments within plasma membrane
- Bundles makeup core of microvilli
- W/myosin, help create motility (muscles and unicellular motion)
Muscle theory based on sliding-filament theory
Thin and thick filaments slide past one another using the energy created through ATP hydrolysis (Ch 39)
3 functions of microvilli
- Increase the SA of cell
- Important for increased absorption (intestines)
- Supported by micrfilaments
Integrins function and what are they
Controls interactions and what genes to express
Cell surface receptor proteins
Transmit signals bw external and internal envi
Influence gene expression
What are the 3 cell junctions
- Tight junctions
- Desmosomes
- Gap junctions
Tight junctions function
Create a continuous seal around multiple cells to prevent extracellular fluid from leakage
Desmosomes functions
Make a strong bond bw cells (rivets): forms sheets
Gap junctions function
Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication
Gap junctions function
Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication
Chloroplast function
Site of photosynthesis: light energy to chemical energy (glucose)
Its inside space is organized into thylakoids (sacs)
Central vacuole function (4)
- Primary role in cell growth
- Storage for ions
- Absorbs water that cell needs
- Reduces need for more cytoplasm
Cell junction: plasmodesmata function
Function: communication bw cells
Allows movement of small molecules & ions bw cells
Cell walls are held together by __ found in __
Pectin, middle lamella
Cell wall function (3)
Animal = no cell wall, just cell membrane
Plant = has a cell wall
- Protection
- Maintain cell shape
- Prevents waterlogging
Wall is composed of __
Cellulose embedded in a matrix of other polysaccharides + proteins
