Ch 4-2

Question 1

Where does aerobic respiration occur and what does it make

Answer 1

Across inner membrane, it makes ATP

Question 2

Where is bulk of energy produced

Answer 2

Mitochondria

Question 3

What type of enzyme that peroxisome contain and what does it do

Answer 3

It has specialized enzymes which remove hydrogen from certain molecules and transfer them to oxygen through detoxificaion

Question 4

What organelle is this?
It strips hydrogen from things coming in cell and create peroxide as a byproduct but easily converted to water for detoxification

Answer 4

Peroxisomes

Question 5

What is cytoskeleton composed of

Answer 5

Network of fibres which extend through cytoplasm

Question 6

3 functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 6

1. Support shell shaoe
2. Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
3. Motility (movement of things within cell)

Question 7

3 functions of cytoskeleton

Answer 7

1. Support shell shaoe
2. Anchor organelles and cytosolic enzymes
3. Motility (movement of things within cell)

Question 8

Why is cytoskeleton more dynamic than a true skeleton (bone/cartilage)

Answer 8

Able to rearrange and reassemble in diff configurations

Question 9

Cell motility meaning in cytoskeleton

Answer 9

Changes to cell location (whole cell is moving)
Or
Changes to location of cellular components (movement within a cell)

Question 10

What is the biggest fiber

Answer 10

Microtubules (tubulin polymers)

Question 11

What is microtubules function

Answer 11

1. Maintenance of cell shape
2. Cell motility (movement)
3. Chromosome movement
4. Organelle movement (within cytoplasm)

Question 12

What is the region of animal cell where microtubules are assembled

Answer 12

Centrosome

Question 13

What is found in animal cells and contain a pair of centrioles

Answer 13

Centrosomes

Question 14

What is the function of microtubules in mitosis

Answer 14

1. Centrosomes/centrioles migrate from original position to opposite poles (one centriole ends up at each pole of cell)
2. Helps align & separate chromosomes
3. End of mitosis: single centrosome (one centriole pair) is inherited by each cell

Question 15

Cilia and flagella similarities

Answer 15

1. Both microtubules containing projections
2. Act as propellers = make cellular locomotion/ move extracellular substances
3. Both share a similar structural organization

Question 16

Cilia and flagella: differences

Answer 16

1. Direction of movements
   - cilia = non locomotive cell movement
   - flagella = spiral (vertical)

Cilia
- act as cells “antenna” that transmit envi info to inside of cell

Question 17

4 functions of intermediate filaments

Answer 17

1. Maintain cell shape
2. Anchors organelles in place (mostly in nucleus)
3. Main component of nuclear lamina
4. Form relatively permanent framework in cell

Question 18

Microfilaments: actin filaments 4 functions

Answer 18

1. Maintaining cell shape
2. Create network of filaments within plasma membrane
3. Bundles makeup core of microvilli
4. W/myosin, help create motility (muscles and unicellular motion)

Question 19

Muscle theory based on sliding-filament theory

Answer 19

Thin and thick filaments slide past one another using the energy created through ATP hydrolysis (Ch 39)

Question 20

3 functions of microvilli

Answer 20

1. Increase the SA of cell
2. Important for increased absorption (intestines)
3. Supported by micrfilaments

Question 21

Integrins function and what are they

Answer 21

Controls interactions and what genes to express
Cell surface receptor proteins

Transmit signals bw external and internal envi
Influence gene expression

Question 22

What are the 3 cell junctions

Answer 22

1. Tight junctions
2. Desmosomes
3. Gap junctions

Question 23

Tight junctions function

Answer 23

Create a continuous seal around multiple cells to prevent extracellular fluid from leakage

Question 24

Desmosomes functions

Answer 24

Make a strong bond bw cells (rivets): forms sheets

Question 25

Gap junctions function

Answer 25

Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication

Question 26

Gap junctions function

Answer 26

Allow movement of small molecules & ions communication

Question 27

Chloroplast function

Answer 27

Site of photosynthesis: light energy to chemical energy (glucose) Its inside space is organized into thylakoids (sacs)

Question 28

Central vacuole function (4)

Answer 28

1. Primary role in cell growth 2. Storage for ions 3. Absorbs water that cell needs 4. Reduces need for more cytoplasm

Question 29

Cell junction: plasmodesmata function

Answer 29

Function: communication bw cells Allows movement of small molecules & ions bw cells

Question 30

Cell walls are held together by __ found in __

Answer 30

Pectin, middle lamella

Question 31

Cell wall function (3)

Answer 31

Animal = no cell wall, just cell membrane Plant = has a cell wall 1. Protection 2. Maintain cell shape 3. Prevents waterlogging

Question 32

Wall is composed of __

Answer 32

Cellulose embedded in a matrix of other polysaccharides + proteins