Ch 4-1 Flashcards
Similarities bw prokaryotic & eukaryotic
- Biomolecules = similar basic structure
- Plasma membrane
- Cytoplasm
- DNA
- Ribosome
What is the endosymbiotic theory
How eukaryotic cells came to be
1. Developed from ancestral prokaryotic
2. Nucleus is developed from infolding of plasma memb
3. Engulfed by prokaryotic aerobic bacterium (mitochondria)
4. Engulfed by prokaryotic cyanobacterium (chloroplasts)
Forms the outer boundary of every cell
Plasma membrane
Plasma membrane function
Selectively permeable to control what goes in and out of cell
___ changes fluidity of membrane
Cholesterol
Is the hydrophilic the head or the tail
Head
Nuclear envelope structure
- Regulates what enters and leaves nucleus
- Provides support to maintain shape of nucleus
Chromatin meaning
DNA complexed w/ proteins
What is the nucleolus
Site of rRna synthesis and assembly w/ proteins into ribosomal subunits
Where is ribosome found and what is it composed of
Composed of rRNA and proteins
- found in cytoplasm or bound to outside of er
Major part of transcription from mRNA into polypeptides
Endomembrane system function
- Protein synthesis
- Protein transport
- Cellular metabolism
- Lipid transport
- Cell detoxification
Rough er function
- Protein folding
- Prep proteins for secretion
- Membrane component production
- Assembly of phospholipids
- Production of glycoproteins
HAS RIBOSOME
SMOOTH ER FUNCTION (4)
NO RIBOSOMES HERE
1. Synthesize lipids (oil, steroids)
2. Detoxify drugs + toxins
- adding hydroxyl group to make aqueous soluble for transportation
3. Calcium is stored
4. Muscle cell contraction
SMOOTH ER FUNCTION (4)
NO RIBOSOMES HERE
1. Synthesize lipids (oil, steroids)
2. Detoxify drugs + toxins
- adding hydroxyl group to make aqueous soluble for transportation
3. Calcium is stored
4. Muscle cell contraction
Transitional ER function (3)
- Site of transport vesicle formation
- Movement of products to other organelles (golgi)
- Secrete products from cell
Golgi apparatus functions
Shipping/ receiving cells and manufacture
1. Modifies glycoproteins & phospholipids
Lysosome function
Garbage and recycling of cll
1. Has digestive enzymes for hydrolysis of molecules
2. Need acidic envi
3. Vesicles fuse w/ lysosomes + contents are digested
Phagocytosis vs autophagy
Phagocytosis (cell eating) = engulf + digest external invaders or large partices
Autophagy (self eating) = cell breaks down and recycles its own damaged or unnecessary components.
Vacuoles is derived from __
ER AND GOLGI APPARATUS
How does vacuole function in plants
- Storage of organic compounts in seeds
- Pigments
How does vacuole function in protista
- Food vacuole
- Contractile vacuole : pump extra water out of cell
Function of vacuole
Storage of cell
1. Hold food for water or waste to remove later
Mitochondria function
Cellular respiration (powerhouse of cell)
Generate energy to power cells
What is chloroplast used for
Photosynthesis
Whats peroxisome function
Has enzymes that transfer H atoms to Oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H202) which is converted to water (H20)
