Ch 4-1

Question 1

Similarities bw prokaryotic & eukaryotic

Answer 1

1. Biomolecules = similar basic structure
2. Plasma membrane
3. Cytoplasm
4. DNA
5. Ribosome

Question 2

What is the endosymbiotic theory

Answer 2

How eukaryotic cells came to be
1. Developed from ancestral prokaryotic
2. Nucleus is developed from infolding of plasma memb
3. Engulfed by prokaryotic aerobic bacterium (mitochondria)
4. Engulfed by prokaryotic cyanobacterium (chloroplasts)

Question 3

Forms the outer boundary of every cell

Answer 3

Plasma membrane

Question 4

Plasma membrane function

Answer 4

Selectively permeable to control what goes in and out of cell

Question 5

___ changes fluidity of membrane

Answer 5

Cholesterol

Question 6

Is the hydrophilic the head or the tail

Answer 6

Head

Question 7

Nuclear envelope structure

Answer 7

1. Regulates what enters and leaves nucleus
2. Provides support to maintain shape of nucleus

Question 8

Chromatin meaning

Answer 8

DNA complexed w/ proteins

Question 9

What is the nucleolus

Answer 9

Site of rRna synthesis and assembly w/ proteins into ribosomal subunits

Question 10

Where is ribosome found and what is it composed of

Answer 10

Composed of rRNA and proteins
- found in cytoplasm or bound to outside of er

Major part of transcription from mRNA into polypeptides

Question 11

Endomembrane system function

Answer 11

1. Protein synthesis
2. Protein transport
3. Cellular metabolism
4. Lipid transport
5. Cell detoxification

Question 12

Rough er function

Answer 12

1. Protein folding
2. Prep proteins for secretion
3. Membrane component production
4. Assembly of phospholipids
5. Production of glycoproteins

HAS RIBOSOME

Question 13

SMOOTH ER FUNCTION (4)

Answer 13

NO RIBOSOMES HERE
1. Synthesize lipids (oil, steroids)
2. Detoxify drugs + toxins
- adding hydroxyl group to make aqueous soluble for transportation
3. Calcium is stored
4. Muscle cell contraction

Question 14

SMOOTH ER FUNCTION (4)

Answer 14

NO RIBOSOMES HERE
1. Synthesize lipids (oil, steroids)
2. Detoxify drugs + toxins
- adding hydroxyl group to make aqueous soluble for transportation
3. Calcium is stored
4. Muscle cell contraction

Question 15

Transitional ER function (3)

Answer 15

1. Site of transport vesicle formation
2. Movement of products to other organelles (golgi)
3. Secrete products from cell

Question 16

Golgi apparatus functions

Answer 16

Shipping/ receiving cells and manufacture
1. Modifies glycoproteins & phospholipids

Question 17

Lysosome function

Answer 17

Garbage and recycling of cll
1. Has digestive enzymes for hydrolysis of molecules
2. Need acidic envi
3. Vesicles fuse w/ lysosomes + contents are digested

Question 18

Phagocytosis vs autophagy

Answer 18

Phagocytosis (cell eating) = engulf + digest external invaders or large partices

Autophagy (self eating) = cell breaks down and recycles its own damaged or unnecessary components.

Question 19

Vacuoles is derived from __

Answer 19

ER AND GOLGI APPARATUS

Question 20

How does vacuole function in plants

Answer 20

1. Storage of organic compounts in seeds
2. Pigments

Question 21

How does vacuole function in protista

Answer 21

1. Food vacuole
2. Contractile vacuole : pump extra water out of cell

Question 22

Function of vacuole

Answer 22

Storage of cell
1. Hold food for water or waste to remove later

Question 23

Mitochondria function

Answer 23

Cellular respiration (powerhouse of cell)
Generate energy to power cells

Question 24

What is chloroplast used for

Answer 24

Photosynthesis

Question 25

Whats peroxisome function

Answer 25

Has enzymes that transfer H atoms to Oxygen, producing hydrogen peroxide (H202) which is converted to water (H20)