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BIOL > Ch 7-2 > Flashcards

Ch 7-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What process allows organisms to create energy in the absence of oxygen?

A

Fermentation

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2
Q

What molecule is oxidized in the citric acid cycle?

A

Pyruvate

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3
Q

What is produced during steps 7 and 10 of glycolysis?

A

ATP.

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4
Q

What process occurs in the mitochondria to harvest energy from pyruvate?

A

Pyruvate oxidation.

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5
Q

What is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration?

A

Oxygen

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6
Q

How many turns of the citric acid cycle occur for every glucose molecule?

A

2 turns

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7
Q

What are the two forms of fermentation?

A

Lactic acid fermentation and alcohol fermentation.

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8
Q

What is reduced to FADH2 during the citric acid cycle?

A

FAD

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9
Q

What is the approximate efficiency of cellular respiration in terms of energy extraction from glucose?

A

33%

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10
Q

What cycle is also known as the Kreb’s cycle?

A

citric acid cycle.

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11
Q

Aerobic respiration yields 2 ATP.

A

False (yields 32 ATP).

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12
Q

In fermentation, NAD+ is regenerated to continue ATP production.

A

TRUE

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13
Q

Pyruvate is fully oxidized in glycolysis.

A

False (pyruvate oxidation occurs after glycolysis).

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14
Q

FAD is reduced to FADH2 during glycolysis.

A

False (this occurs in the citric acid cycle).

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15
Q

Citric acid cycle takes place in the mitochondria of prokaryotic cells

A

False (prokaryotes do not have mitochondria).

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16
Q

Oxygen determines whether a cell will undergo aerobic respiration or fermentation

A

TRUE

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17
Q

Glycolysis produces 4 ATP per glucose molecule.

A

False (it produces 2 net ATP).

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18
Q

Pyruvate still retains over 75% of the energy from glucose after glycolysis

19
Q

Lactic acid fermentation occurs in muscle cells.

20
Q

The citric acid cycle generates 1 atp per turn

21
Q

What is the primary role of NADH in cellular respiration?
(a) Energy storage
(b) Electron carrier
(c) Structural support

A

B) electron carrier

22
Q

How many molecules of CO2 are produced per turn of the citric acid cycle?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3

23
Q

What enzyme converts pyruvate to acetyl-CoA?
(a) Hexokinase
(b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase
(c) ATP synthase

A

b) Pyruvate dehydrogenase.

24
Q

What is the total ATP yield from one molecule of glucose in cellular respiration?
(a) 32
(b) 12
(c) 2

25
Q

What is regenerated at the end of the citric acid cycle?
(a) ATP
(b) Oxaloacetate
(c) Pyruvate

A

B) ocaloacetate

26
Q

Where does pyruvate oxidation occur in eukaryotes?
(a) Cytosol
(b) Mitochondrial matrix
(c) Nucleus

A

B) mitochondrial matrix

27
Q

Which of the following is NOT a product of the citric acid cycle?

(a) ATP
(b) NADPH
(c) CO2

28
Q

How many molecules of ATP does fermentation produce per glucose molecule?
(a) 32
(b) 10
(c) 2

29
Q

What happens during steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis?
(a) ATP is produced
(b) ATP is consumed
(c) Water is released

A

B) atp is consumed

30
Q

Which molecule is an electron carrier similar to NAD+?
(a) FAD
(b) Glucose
(c) CO2

31
Q

What is the main purpose of fermentation?

(a) Produce ATP
(b) Recycle NADH
(c) Create oxygen

A

B) recycle NADH

32
Q

Which metabolic pathway happens first in glucose metabolism?

a) Citric acid cycle
(b) Glycolysis
(c) Pyruvate oxidation

A

B) glycolysis

33
Q

Which molecule starts the citric acid cycle?
(a) Pyruvate
(b) Oxaloacetate
(c) Acetyl-CoA

A

C) acetyl-CoA

34
Q

How many NADH molecules are produced per turn of the citric acid cycle?
(a) 1
(b) 2
(c) 3

35
Q

What happens to pyruvate under anaerobic conditions?

a) It is oxidized
(b) It is fermented
(c) It is turned into glucose

A

B) it is fermented

36
Q

What determines whether cells will undergo aerobic respiration or fermentation?
(a) NADH levels
(b) Oxygen availability
(c) ATP demand

A

B) oxygen availability

37
Q

How many ATP molecules are produced directly in glycolysis?
(a) 2
(b) 4
(c) 6

38
Q

What process produces the majority of ATP during cellular respiration?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Citric acid cycle
(c) Oxidative phosphorylation

A

C) oxidative phosphorylation

39
Q

Which of the following is not required for glycolysis?
(a) Glucose
(b) Oxygen
(c) ATP

40
Q

What type of cells can perform lactic acid fermentation?
(a) Bacteria
(b) Yeast
(c) Muscle cells

A

C) muscle cells

41
Q

In the absence of oxygen, which of the following can still occur?
(a) Glycolysis
(b) Citric acid cycle
(c) Oxidative phosphorylation

A

A) glycolysis

42
Q

How many carbons are in acetyl-CoA?
(a) 2
(b) 3
(c) 4

43
Q

What molecule serves as the primary electron donor in cellular respiration?
(a) Oxygen
(b) NADH
(c) Glucose

A

C) glucose

44
Q

What is the name of the enzyme that converts ADP to ATP during oxidative phosphorylation?
(a) ATP synthase
(b) Pyruvate kinase
(c) Hexokinase

A

A) ATP synthase

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