Ch 10 Flashcards
Purpose of meiosis
To produce haploid gametes for sexual reproduction, contributing to genetic diversity.
Define homologous chromosomes.
Chromosomes that are similar in structure and carry genes for the same traits.
What is a gamete?
A reproductive cell (sperm or egg) containing a haploid set of chromosomes.
What occurs during Prophase I?
Homologous chromosomes pair up and crossing over occurs, forming chiasmata.
What is independent assortment?
The random orientation of homologous chromosomes during Metaphase I, leading to genetic variation.
Describe crossing over.
The exchange of genetic material between non-sister chromatids of homologous chromosomes.
What is the result of meiosis?
Four genetically unique haploid cells.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg cell formed by the union of two gametes.
What is a zygote?
A fertilized egg cell formed by the union of two gametes.
What is chiasmata?
The point where chromosomes exchange genetic material during crossing over.
What happens during Anaphase I?
Homologous chromosomes are pulled to opposite poles of the cell.
Define haploid.
A cell with a single set of chromosomes (n).
What is interkinesis?
A brief period between meiosis I and meiosis II where no DNA replication occurs.
What is the role of telophase I and cytokinesis in meiosis?
They separate the cell into two haploid cells, each with duplicated chromosomes.
How does random fertilization contribute to genetic variation?
Any sperm can fertilize any egg, leading to numerous possible genetic combinations.
