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BIOL > Ch 3-1 > Flashcards

Ch 3-1 Flashcards

1
Q

Organic compounds

A

Carbon containing compounds

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2
Q

Macromolecules

A

Large organic compounds

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3
Q

Give an example of a tetrahedral molecule

A

Methane

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4
Q

Give an example of more than one tetrahedral group

A

Ethane

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5
Q

Give an example of a flat tetrahedral group

A

Ethene

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6
Q

Molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen is called

A

Hydrocarbon

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7
Q

How does hydrocarbon structure vary

A

Length
Branching
# and position of double bonds
Presence of rings

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8
Q

Isomers meaning and its 2 types of structure

A

Same chemical formular but different in structure
Structural & cis-trans

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9
Q

Structural isomers is due to __

A

Branching of carbon chain

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10
Q

Cis-trans isomers is due to

A

Position of “x” bonded to carbon and only around a double bond

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11
Q

Type of isomer when two x’s are on same side

A

Cis isomer

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12
Q

Type of isomer when two x’s are on opposite side

A

Trans isomer

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13
Q

What is enantiomers

A

Central carbon has 4 side groups around it,
Mirror images of eo
Asymmetric

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14
Q

Significance of enantiomers

A

Changing structure = change in function
- changes in receptor binding
- change in drug activity + efficacy

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15
Q

Atp meaning

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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16
Q

Adenosine is formed from what

A

Adenine + ribose sugar

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17
Q

When does ATP release energy

A

When it reacts with water

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18
Q

When does atp turn into adp

A

When phosphate group splits off

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19
Q

What does adp stand for

A

Adenosine diphosphate

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20
Q

What does atp stand for

A

Adenosine triphosphate

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21
Q

Whats polymers

A

Repeating components of large molecules

22
Q

Relationship bw polymers and enzymes

A

Polymers are made and disassembled by enzymes

23
Q

What is dehydration rxn

A

Water is released to form a new bond

24
Q

What is hydrolysis

A

Adding water to break a bond

25
Q

What is the reaction called when smaller molecules turns into big ones (requires energy)

A

Anabolic

26
Q

Reaction called when large molec are broken to smaller ones (release energy

A

Catabolic

27
Q

Monomer + polymer of carbohydrates

A

Monosaccharide & polysaccharide

28
Q

Monomer + polymer of protein

A

Amino acid & polypeptide

29
Q

Monomer & polymer of lipid

A

Glycerol, fatty acid & lipid

30
Q

Monomer and polymer of nucleic acid

A

Nucleotide + nucleic acid

31
Q

Examples of monosaccharides of carbohyd

A

Glucose + fructore

32
Q

What structure is more stable in aqueous enviornments (carhydrate in monosaccharides)

A

Ring structure

33
Q

Examples of disaccharide

A

Sucrose and maltose

34
Q

Linkage for disaccharide is called

A

Glycosidic linkage

35
Q

Storage of carbon in plants and animals are called

A

Starch = plants
Glycogen = animals

36
Q

Structural component of cells in plant and animal are called

A

Cellulose = plant
Chitin = animal

37
Q

Whats the difference bw starch and cellulose structures

A

Starch : 1-4 linkage, flexible helix (soluble)
Cellulose: 1-4 linkage rigid. Straught (insoluble)

38
Q

Lipids are __ in nature and mainly comprised of __

A

Hydrophobic, hydrocarbon

39
Q

3 kinds for lipids

A

Fats (triacylglycerol),
Phospholipids
Steroids

40
Q

What is the linkage used in fats (lipid) and what is it created by

A

Ester linkage, by dehydration rxn

41
Q

Cellular function of triacylglycerol (fats)

A

Energy storage
Insulation
Protection

42
Q

3 characteristics of saturated fatty acid

A
  1. Single bond
  2. Chains are straight
  3. Pack tightly (solid in room temp) butter and lard
43
Q

3 characteristics of unsaturated fatty acid

A
  1. Double bonds in carbon backbone
  2. Produces a kink in chain
  3. Liquid in room temp (oil)
44
Q

What is main structural component of cellular membranes

A

Phospholipids

45
Q

Phospholipid function

A

Controls what comes in and out of barrier and enables cellular process

46
Q

Steroids consist of

A

4 fused hydrocarbon rings

47
Q

Example of a steroid

A

Hormone (estrogen + testosterone)
Cholesterol
- in cell membranes
-

48
Q

Carbohydrate function

A

act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,

49
Q

Carbohydrate function

A

act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,

50
Q

Lipid function

A

moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones.

BIOL (22 decks)

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