Ch 3-1 Flashcards
Organic compounds
Carbon containing compounds
Macromolecules
Large organic compounds
Give an example of a tetrahedral molecule
Methane
Give an example of more than one tetrahedral group
Ethane
Give an example of a flat tetrahedral group
Ethene
Molecules composed of only carbon and hydrogen is called
Hydrocarbon
How does hydrocarbon structure vary
Length
Branching
# and position of double bonds
Presence of rings
Isomers meaning and its 2 types of structure
Same chemical formular but different in structure
Structural & cis-trans
Structural isomers is due to __
Branching of carbon chain
Cis-trans isomers is due to
Position of “x” bonded to carbon and only around a double bond
Type of isomer when two x’s are on same side
Cis isomer
Type of isomer when two x’s are on opposite side
Trans isomer
What is enantiomers
Central carbon has 4 side groups around it,
Mirror images of eo
Asymmetric
Significance of enantiomers
Changing structure = change in function
- changes in receptor binding
- change in drug activity + efficacy
Atp meaning
Adenosine triphosphate
Adenosine is formed from what
Adenine + ribose sugar
When does ATP release energy
When it reacts with water
When does atp turn into adp
When phosphate group splits off
What does adp stand for
Adenosine diphosphate
What does atp stand for
Adenosine triphosphate
Whats polymers
Repeating components of large molecules
Relationship bw polymers and enzymes
Polymers are made and disassembled by enzymes
What is dehydration rxn
Water is released to form a new bond
What is hydrolysis
Adding water to break a bond
What is the reaction called when smaller molecules turns into big ones (requires energy)
Anabolic
Reaction called when large molec are broken to smaller ones (release energy
Catabolic
Monomer + polymer of carbohydrates
Monosaccharide & polysaccharide
Monomer + polymer of protein
Amino acid & polypeptide
Monomer & polymer of lipid
Glycerol, fatty acid & lipid
Monomer and polymer of nucleic acid
Nucleotide + nucleic acid
Examples of monosaccharides of carbohyd
Glucose + fructore
What structure is more stable in aqueous enviornments (carhydrate in monosaccharides)
Ring structure
Examples of disaccharide
Sucrose and maltose
Linkage for disaccharide is called
Glycosidic linkage
Storage of carbon in plants and animals are called
Starch = plants
Glycogen = animals
Structural component of cells in plant and animal are called
Cellulose = plant
Chitin = animal
Whats the difference bw starch and cellulose structures
Starch : 1-4 linkage, flexible helix (soluble)
Cellulose: 1-4 linkage rigid. Straught (insoluble)
Lipids are __ in nature and mainly comprised of __
Hydrophobic, hydrocarbon
3 kinds for lipids
Fats (triacylglycerol),
Phospholipids
Steroids
What is the linkage used in fats (lipid) and what is it created by
Ester linkage, by dehydration rxn
Cellular function of triacylglycerol (fats)
Energy storage
Insulation
Protection
3 characteristics of saturated fatty acid
- Single bond
- Chains are straight
- Pack tightly (solid in room temp) butter and lard
3 characteristics of unsaturated fatty acid
- Double bonds in carbon backbone
- Produces a kink in chain
- Liquid in room temp (oil)
What is main structural component of cellular membranes
Phospholipids
Phospholipid function
Controls what comes in and out of barrier and enables cellular process
Steroids consist of
4 fused hydrocarbon rings
Example of a steroid
Hormone (estrogen + testosterone)
Cholesterol
- in cell membranes
-
Carbohydrate function
act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,
Carbohydrate function
act as an energy source, help control blood glucose and insulin metabolism,
Lipid function
moving and storing energy, absorbing vitamins and making hormones.
