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BIOL > Ch 2 > Flashcards

Ch 2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is matter

A

Take up space and have mass

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2
Q

formation + disruption of chemical bonds

A

Chemical rxn

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3
Q

molecules + determines their functions

A

Chemical bonding

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4
Q

Elements properties

A

Atomic structure

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5
Q

Elements

A

Basic component of matter and cannot be reduced thru chemical rxn

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6
Q

2 or more elements

A

Compounds

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7
Q

Essential elements

A

Required for life and reproduction

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8
Q

Trace elements

A

Required in small amounts

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9
Q

Smallest unit of matter

A

Atoms

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10
Q

Diff # of neutrons

A

Isotopes

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11
Q

Decay of atomic nucleus + releases particles and energy

A

Radioactive isotopes

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12
Q

Energy

A

Capacity to do work

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13
Q

Potential energy

A

Stored energy

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14
Q

Valence shell

A

Outermost shell

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15
Q

Inert

A

Atoms w/ full valence shell

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16
Q

Rule of chemical rxn

A

CANNOT destroy atoms, only rearrange electrons and chemical bonds

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17
Q

3 types of chemical bonds

A

Covalent, ionic, hydrogen

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18
Q

Covalent bonds

A

2 atoms share a pair of valence electrons

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19
Q

strength of attraction for electron to an atom

A

Electronegativity

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20
Q

Nonpolar bonds

A

Equal electronegativity (form bw 2 identical elements)

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21
Q

unequal electronegativity
• form b/w diff elements

A

Polar bonds

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22
Q

Ions

A

difference in electronegativity
• One atom takes an electron from another => formation of ions

23
Q

Formed when 2 ions form an ionic bond

A

Ionic compounds (salt)

24
Q

Hydrogen Bonds

A

maintain functional structure of biomolecules
• Usually w/ Oxygen & Nitrogen

25
Q

Describe Van der Waals interactions

A

results: formation of + and - regions which attract each other
• weak but stabilize 3 dimensional shapes of biomolecules

26
Q

Cohesion

A

hydrogen bonding w/ water (bond is tight as water want to bond to itself)

27
Q

Surface tension

A

Force needed to break surface of liquid

28
Q

Adhesion

A

hydrogen bonding w/ other molecules
• Ex: water + organism

29
Q

Kinetic energy

A

Energy of motion

30
Q

Thermal energy

A

Energy w/ movements of atoms or molecules

31
Q

Temp

A

avrg kinetic energy of molecules in a body of matter

32
Q

thermal energy transferred from one body of matter to another

A

Heat

33
Q

Cold obj

A

Absorb thermal energy

34
Q

Hot obj

A

Give off thermal energy

35
Q

Specific heat

A

amount of heat neeeded for 1 g of substance to increase its temp by 1 Celsius

36
Q

Describe high specific heat

A

Heats up and cools slowly (water)

37
Q

Describe low specific heat

A

Heats up fast and cools quickly (metal)

38
Q

Heat is measured in

A

Calories (cal)

39
Q

Common energy unit is in

A

Joules

40
Q

Heat of evaportation

A

quantity of heat needed for 1 g of substance to go from liquid to gas
(Oceans, lakes)

41
Q

Evaporative cooling

A

process of evaporation leads in reduction of the temp of remaining liquid
• Stabilizes temp of water bodies
• Prevents overheating of organisms

42
Q

Solution

A

Homogenous liquid mixture of 2 or more substance

43
Q

Solvent

A

Dissolving agent

44
Q

substance dissolved in solution

A

Solute

45
Q

Aqueous soln

A

Solvent is water

46
Q

Hydration shell

A

water mole form hydrogen bonds w/ each solute molecule + surround it

47
Q

Hydrophilic

A

substance has affinity for water
• Likes water but wont always dissolve in water
• Polar molecules + ions

48
Q

Hydrophobic

A

don’t have affinity for water
• Nonpolar + nonionic molecules

49
Q

Acid

A

• Give/ Donate H molecules

50
Q

Rebond/ accept Hydrogen

A

Base

51
Q

Buffers

A

acts to keep pH soln steady
• Minimizes changes in H+ concentration

52
Q

Ocean acidification

A

CO2 dissolves in ocean => carbonic acid
• This reacts w/ water to make it acidic and lowers pH
• Change in pH reduces affinity (connection/liking to something)

53
Q

PH scale

A

Used to represent amnts of hydrogen ions (-) and hydroxide ions (-) in a soln

54
Q

PH scale

A

Used to represent amnts of hydrogen ions (-) and hydroxide ions (-) in a soln

BIOL (22 decks)

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