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BIOL > Ch 14-2 > Flashcards

Ch 14-2 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the role of RNA polymerase in transcription?

A

RNA polymerase synthesizes RNA from a DNA template

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2
Q

What are the key components of transcription?

A

RNA polymerase
●
Promoter (start site)
●
Terminator (stop signal)

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3
Q

Define upstream and downstream in the context of nucleotide sequences.

A

Upstream: A sequence located before another sequence
●
Downstream: A sequence located after another sequence

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4
Q

What are the three stages of transcription?

A

Initiation
●
Elongation
●
Termination

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5
Q

Describe the initiation stage of transcription.

A

DNA unwinds, and RNA polymerase binds to the promoter region.

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6
Q

How does the initiation of transcription differ in bacteria and eukaryotes?

A

Bacteria: RNA polymerase directly recognizes and binds to promoter sequences.
●
Eukaryotes: Requires transcription factors to mediate RNA polymerase II binding and initiation.

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7
Q

What is the TATA box, and where is it located?

A

A sequence about 25 nucleotides upstream of the start site in most eukaryotic promoters

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8
Q

What is the purpose of end modifications to pre-mRNA in eukaryotes?

A

Facilitate export from the nucleus
●
Protect mRNA from degradation
●
Aid in ribosome attachment

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9
Q

Define introns and exons.

A

Introns: Non-coding regions within eukaryotic genes.
●
Exons: Coding segments that are spliced together.

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10
Q

What are ribozymes?

A

RNA molecules that act as enzymes.

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11
Q

Which process transfers information from DNA to mRNA?

a) Translation

b) Transcription

c) Replication

d) Termination

A

B

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12
Q

What is the start codon?

a) UAA

b) UGA

c) UAG

d) AUG

A

D

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13
Q

What signals the end of transcription?
○
a) Start codon
○
b) Promoter
○
c) Terminator
○
d) Transcription factor

A

C

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14
Q

In which direction is RNA synthesized during elongation?
○
a) 3’ to 5’
○
b) 5’ to 3’
○
c) N-terminus to C-terminus
○
d) C-terminus to N-terminus

A

B

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15
Q

What is the function of the promoter in transcription?
○
a) Region of attachment for RNA polymerase
○
b) Signal to stop transcription
○
c) Site of mRNA degradation
○
d) Initiates translation

A

A

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16
Q

What role do transcription factors play in eukaryotic transcription?

a) Directly synthesize RNA

b) Remove introns from pre-mRNA

c) Mediate RNA polymerase II binding

d) Transport mRNA out of the nucleus

A

C

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17
Q

What sequence is often found about 25 nucleotides upstream of the start site in eukaryotic promoters?

a) Poly-A tail

b) 5’ cap

c) TATA box

d) Terminator sequence

A

C

18
Q

What is the function of the poly-A tail in eukaryotic mRNA?
○
a) Initiates translation
○
b) Protects mRNA from degradation
○
c) Binds to the promoter region
○
d) Serves as a template for protein synthesis

A

B

19
Q

What is the process of removing introns from pre-mRNA called?
○
a) Transcription
○
b) Translation
○
c) Splicing
○
d) Replication

A

C

20
Q

What characteristic of RNA molecules allows them to function as enzymes (ribozymes)? *
a) Linear structure *
b) Inability to form hydrogen bonds *
c) Ability to base pair and form a 3-dimensional shape *
d) Presence of deoxyribose sugar

A

C

21
Q

The process of synthesizing RNA from a DNA template is called

A

Transcription

22
Q

What is the start codon that codes for methionine.

A

AUG

23
Q

The three stop codons are

A

1) UAA
2) UGA
3) UAG

24
Q

The __ is a region on DNA where RNA polymerase binds to initiate transcription.

A

Promoter

25
Q

The sequence that signals the end of transcription is called the __

A

Terminator

26
Q

In eukaryotes, the __ is a crucial promoter element located upstream of the transcription start site.

A

TATA box

27
Q

__ factors are proteins that help regulate transcription by binding to DNA

A

Transcription

28
Q

The __ and __ tail are modifications added to eukaryotic mRNA.

A

5’ cap and poly A

29
Q

__ are noncoding sequences that are removed from pre-mRNA.

A

Introns

30
Q

__ are RNA molecules with catalytic activity.

A

Ribozymes

31
Q

T/f

Transcription occurs in the cytoplasm of eukaryotic cells.

A

F

Transcription occurs in the nucleus of eukaryotic cells.

32
Q

T/f

RNA polymerase is responsible for adding nucleotides to the growing RNA chain during transcription.

A

T

33
Q

T/f

The promoter region is located downstream of the coding sequence.

A

F

The promoter region is located upstream of the coding sequence.

34
Q

T/f

In bacteria, RNA polymerase can directly bind to the promoter region without the need for transcription factors.

A

True

35
Q

T/f

The TATA box is a sequence commonly found in prokaryotic promoters.

A

F

The TATA box is a sequence commonly found in eukaryotic promoters.

36
Q

T/f

The addition of a 5’ cap and a poly-A tail helps to stabilize mRNA and protect it from degradation.

A

T

37
Q

T/f

Exons are non-coding sequences that are removed during RNA splicing.

A

False

Exons are coding sequences that are retained during RNA splicing.

38
Q

T/f

Alternative RNA splicing can result in the production of different protein isoforms from a single gene.

A

T

39
Q

T/f

Ribozymes are proteins with enzymatic activity.

A

F

Ribozymes are RNA molecules with enzymatic activity

40
Q

T/f

The genetic code is universal, meaning the same codons code for the same amino acids in all organisms.

A

T

BIOL (31 decks)

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