Ch 7-1 Flashcards
What is the main goal of cellular respiration
To generate ATP from the energy released during electron transfers
What are the 2 types of cellular respirationo
Aerobic and anaerobic
What molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration
O2
What happens to glucose during cellular respiration
It is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced
Which coenzyme acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration
NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)
What is the name of the process where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules
Glycolysis
What is the name of the process where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules
Glycolysis
Where does glycolysis occur in the cell
In the cytosol
How many atp molecules are produced in cellular respiration per glucose molecule
32 atp molecules
What is the reducing agent in redox rxn
The electron donor
What is the substrate level phosphorylation
Transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.
What enzyme catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from glucose?
Dehydrogenase
What is the first stage of cellular respiration?
Glycolysis
What happens during pyruvate oxidation?
Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA, releasing CO₂ and producing NADH.
What role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain?
It pulls electrons down the chain due to its high electronegativity.
How is NADH formed during glycolysis?
Through the transfer of electrons from glucose to NAD+.
T/F: Glycolysis can occur both in the presence and absence of oxygen.
True
T/F: Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration.
F
T/F: ATP is the final product of oxidative phosphorylation.
True
T/F: NAD+ acts as a reducing agent in cellular respiration.
A: False (it acts as an oxidizing agent).
T/F: Electrons lose potential energy during the transfer from glucose to oxygen
True
T/F: Glycolysis is the only part of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria.
False (it occurs in the cytosol).
T/F: The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the Krebs Cycle.
True
T/F: NADH directly transfers electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain.
False (it transfers electrons to a series of carriers).
T/F: Oxidation involves the gain of electrons.
False (oxidation is the loss of electrons).
T/F: The energy investment phase of glycolysis requires ATP
T
T/F: NADH is an oxidized form of the electron carrier.
A: False (NADH is the reduced form).
T/F: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis.
True
T/F: In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis is the only pathway cells can use to generate ATP.
True
T/F: Aerobic respiration only uses carbohydrates as fuel.
False (it can also use lipids and proteins).
T/F: The energy released from redox reactions is used to synthesize ATP.
True
During glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of:
(a) ATP, (b) Pyruvate, (c) Oxygen
B ) Pyruvate
What molecule stores energy as electrons in cellular respiration?
(a) NADH, (b) ATP, (c) Oxygen
A) NADH
What is the total potential energy from one molecule of glucose?
(a) 686 kcal/mol, (b) 32 kcal/mol, (c) 7.3 kcal/mol
A) 686 kcal/mol
What is removed from glucose during cellular respiration?
(a) Carbon, (b) Electrons, (c) Water
B) electrons
How many steps are involved in glycolysis?
(a) 5, (b) 10, (c) 20
B) 10
What enzyme converts DHAP to G3P in glycolysis?
(a) Isomerase, (b) Dehydrogenase, (c) Kinase
A) isomerase
What happens to electrons stripped from glucose?
(a) They are transferred directly to oxygen,
(b) They are passed through NAD+ and FAD,
(c) They are stored in glucose.
b) They are passed through NAD+ and FAD.
What is the first step in glycolysis?
(a) Energy generation,
(b) Phosphorylation of glucose,
(c) Electron transfer
B) phosphorylation of glucose
Which molecule donates electrons to NAD+?
(a) Water, (b) Glucose, (c) Carbon dioxide
B) glucose
Q: What is the final product of glycolysis?
(a) Carbon dioxide, (b) ATP, (c) Pyruvate
C) pyruvate
How many ATP are generated in the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?
(a) 4 ATP, (b) 2 ATP, (c) 1 ATP
A ) 4 ATP
Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
(a) Glycolysis,
(b) The Citric Acid Cycle,
(c) Oxidative Phosphorylation
C) oxidative phosphorylation
What happens to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain?
(a) It is oxidized,
(b) It accepts electrons,
(c) It is converted into ATP
B) it accepts electrons
In which stage is carbon dioxide released?
(a) Glycolysis,
(b) Pyruvate oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle,
(c) Electron transport chain
B) pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle
What is the key electron carrier used in the Citric Acid Cycle?
(a) NAD+, (b) ATP, (c) Oxygen
A) NAD +
What type of molecule can cellular respiration break down for energy?
(a) Carbohydrates,
(b) Lipids
(c) Proteins,
(d) All of the above
D) all of the above
What happens in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
(a) ATP is consumed,
(b) ATP is produced,
(c) Electrons are transferred
A) atp is consumed
Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the electron transport chain?
(a) Oxidative phosphorylation,
(b) Substrate-level phosphorylation,
(c) Photophosphorylation
a) Oxidative phosphorylation.
What molecules are produced during pyruvate oxidation?
(a) ATP,
(b) NADH and CO₂,
(c) FADH₂
(b) NADH and CO₂.
How is energy harvested from glucose in a controlled manner?
(a) Through a single reaction,
(b) Through stepwise redox reactions,
(c) Through immediate oxidation
B) through stepwise redox rxn
