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BIOL > Ch 7-1 > Flashcards

Ch 7-1 Flashcards

1
Q

What is the main goal of cellular respiration

A

To generate ATP from the energy released during electron transfers

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2
Q

What are the 2 types of cellular respirationo

A

Aerobic and anaerobic

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3
Q

What molecule is the final electron acceptor in aerobic respiration

A

O2

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4
Q

What happens to glucose during cellular respiration

A

It is oxidized, and oxygen is reduced

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5
Q

Which coenzyme acts as an electron carrier in cellular respiration

A

NAD+ (nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)

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6
Q

What is the name of the process where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules

A

Glycolysis

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7
Q

What is the name of the process where glucose is split into two pyruvate molecules

A

Glycolysis

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8
Q

Where does glycolysis occur in the cell

A

In the cytosol

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9
Q

How many atp molecules are produced in cellular respiration per glucose molecule

A

32 atp molecules

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10
Q

What is the reducing agent in redox rxn

A

The electron donor

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11
Q

What is the substrate level phosphorylation

A

Transfer of a phosphate group from a substrate to ADP to form ATP.

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12
Q

What enzyme catalyzes the removal of hydrogen from glucose?

A

Dehydrogenase

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13
Q

What is the first stage of cellular respiration?

A

Glycolysis

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14
Q

What happens during pyruvate oxidation?

A

Pyruvate is converted into Acetyl-CoA, releasing CO₂ and producing NADH.

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15
Q

What role does oxygen play in the electron transport chain?

A

It pulls electrons down the chain due to its high electronegativity.

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16
Q

How is NADH formed during glycolysis?

A

Through the transfer of electrons from glucose to NAD+.

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17
Q

T/F: Glycolysis can occur both in the presence and absence of oxygen.

A

True

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18
Q

T/F: Anaerobic respiration is more efficient than aerobic respiration.

A

F

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19
Q

T/F: ATP is the final product of oxidative phosphorylation.

A

True

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20
Q

T/F: NAD+ acts as a reducing agent in cellular respiration.

A

A: False (it acts as an oxidizing agent).

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21
Q

T/F: Electrons lose potential energy during the transfer from glucose to oxygen

A

True

22
Q

T/F: Glycolysis is the only part of cellular respiration that occurs in the mitochondria.

A

False (it occurs in the cytosol).

23
Q

T/F: The Citric Acid Cycle is also known as the Krebs Cycle.

A

True

24
Q

T/F: NADH directly transfers electrons to oxygen in the electron transport chain.

A

False (it transfers electrons to a series of carriers).

25
Q

T/F: Oxidation involves the gain of electrons.

A

False (oxidation is the loss of electrons).

26
Q

T/F: The energy investment phase of glycolysis requires ATP

A

T

27
Q

T/F: NADH is an oxidized form of the electron carrier.

A

A: False (NADH is the reduced form).

28
Q

T/F: Pyruvate is the end product of glycolysis.

A

True

29
Q

T/F: In the absence of oxygen, glycolysis is the only pathway cells can use to generate ATP.

A

True

30
Q

T/F: Aerobic respiration only uses carbohydrates as fuel.

A

False (it can also use lipids and proteins).

31
Q

T/F: The energy released from redox reactions is used to synthesize ATP.

A

True

32
Q

During glycolysis, glucose is split into two molecules of:
(a) ATP, (b) Pyruvate, (c) Oxygen

A

B ) Pyruvate

33
Q

What molecule stores energy as electrons in cellular respiration?
(a) NADH, (b) ATP, (c) Oxygen

A

A) NADH

34
Q

What is the total potential energy from one molecule of glucose?
(a) 686 kcal/mol, (b) 32 kcal/mol, (c) 7.3 kcal/mol

A

A) 686 kcal/mol

35
Q

What is removed from glucose during cellular respiration?
(a) Carbon, (b) Electrons, (c) Water

A

B) electrons

36
Q

How many steps are involved in glycolysis?
(a) 5, (b) 10, (c) 20

A

B) 10

37
Q

What enzyme converts DHAP to G3P in glycolysis?
(a) Isomerase, (b) Dehydrogenase, (c) Kinase

A

A) isomerase

38
Q

What happens to electrons stripped from glucose?
(a) They are transferred directly to oxygen,
(b) They are passed through NAD+ and FAD,
(c) They are stored in glucose.

A

b) They are passed through NAD+ and FAD.

39
Q

What is the first step in glycolysis?
(a) Energy generation,
(b) Phosphorylation of glucose,
(c) Electron transfer

A

B) phosphorylation of glucose

40
Q

Which molecule donates electrons to NAD+?
(a) Water, (b) Glucose, (c) Carbon dioxide

A

B) glucose

41
Q

Q: What is the final product of glycolysis?
(a) Carbon dioxide, (b) ATP, (c) Pyruvate

A

C) pyruvate

42
Q

How many ATP are generated in the energy payoff phase of glycolysis?
(a) 4 ATP, (b) 2 ATP, (c) 1 ATP

A

A ) 4 ATP

43
Q

Which stage of cellular respiration produces the most ATP?
(a) Glycolysis,
(b) The Citric Acid Cycle,
(c) Oxidative Phosphorylation

A

C) oxidative phosphorylation

44
Q

What happens to oxygen at the end of the electron transport chain?
(a) It is oxidized,
(b) It accepts electrons,
(c) It is converted into ATP

A

B) it accepts electrons

45
Q

In which stage is carbon dioxide released?
(a) Glycolysis,
(b) Pyruvate oxidation and Citric Acid Cycle,
(c) Electron transport chain

A

B) pyruvate oxidation and citric acid cycle

46
Q

What is the key electron carrier used in the Citric Acid Cycle?
(a) NAD+, (b) ATP, (c) Oxygen

A

A) NAD +

47
Q

What type of molecule can cellular respiration break down for energy?
(a) Carbohydrates,
(b) Lipids
(c) Proteins,
(d) All of the above

A

D) all of the above

48
Q

What happens in the energy investment phase of glycolysis?
(a) ATP is consumed,
(b) ATP is produced,
(c) Electrons are transferred

A

A) atp is consumed

49
Q

Which type of phosphorylation occurs in the electron transport chain?
(a) Oxidative phosphorylation,
(b) Substrate-level phosphorylation,
(c) Photophosphorylation

A

a) Oxidative phosphorylation.

50
Q

What molecules are produced during pyruvate oxidation?

(a) ATP,
(b) NADH and CO₂,
(c) FADH₂

A

(b) NADH and CO₂.

51
Q

How is energy harvested from glucose in a controlled manner?
(a) Through a single reaction,
(b) Through stepwise redox reactions,
(c) Through immediate oxidation

A

B) through stepwise redox rxn

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