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MBC > CH 18 ENDOCRINE DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 18 ENDOCRINE DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

A

adrenal cortex

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2
Q

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrin

A

adrenal medulla

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3
Q

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

A

ovaries

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4
Q

located behind the stomach. islet cells (islet of langerhans) secrete hormones from this organ. also contains cells that are exocrine in function , they secrete enzymes via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion

A

pancreas

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5
Q

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

A

pituitary gland / hypophysis

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6
Q

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

A

testes

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7
Q

secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

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8
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropin ACTH

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9
Q

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

A

aldosterone

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10
Q

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

A

androgen

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11
Q

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone ADH (vasopressin)

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12
Q

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

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13
Q

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. it is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

A

cortisol

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14
Q

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic), it is part of the body’s flgiht or flight reaction

A

epinephrine / adrenaline

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15
Q

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

A

estradiol

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16
Q

female hormones secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; examples are estradiol and estrone

A

estrogen

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17
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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18
Q

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

glucagon

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19
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

A

growth hormone / somatotropin

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20
Q

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; helps glucose to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

A

insulin

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21
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

A

oxytocin

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22
Q

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

A

parathormone

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23
Q

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

progesterone

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24
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

A

prolactin

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25
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone
somatotropin
26
male hormone secreted by the testes
testosterone
27
secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning hint: not secreted by the thyroid gland
thyroid stimulating hormone / thyrotropin
28
secreted by the thyroid gland, also called tetraiodothyronine, increases metabolism in cells
thyroxine / T4
29
secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells
triiodothyronine / T3
30
secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone; increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure
vasopressin
31
hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla
catecholamines
32
hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, examples are cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens and estrogens
corticosteroids
33
mineral salt found in the blood and tissues necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are these
electrolytes
34
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response
glucocorticoid
35
tendancy of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment
homeostasis
36
chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland
hormone
37
region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland, it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland
hypothalamus
38
steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body, aldosterone is an example
mineralocorticoid
39
cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited
receptor
40
cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland
sella turcica
41
steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics
sex hormones
42
complex substance related to fats and derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol, and of which many hormones are made,
steroid
43
pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system
sympathomimetic
44
cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones
target tissue
45
inflammation of adenoids
adenitis
46
removal of the adrenaline gland
adrenalectomy
47
hormone from pituitary stimulates gonads (sex glands)
gonadotropin
48
deficient gonad function
hypogonadism
49
removal of all or part of the pancreas
pancreatectomy
50
removal of the parathyroid
parathyroidectomy
51
deficient pituitary hormones
hypopituitarism - causes dwarfism
52
thyroid stimulating hormone is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
thyrotropic hormone
53
inflammation of the thyroid
thyroiditis
54
hashimoto disease
autoimmune thyroiditis
55
responsible for developing sex traits in males
androgen
56
excessive calcium in blood
hypercalcemia
57
deficient calcium in blood
hypocalcemia
58
excessive calcium in urine
hypercalciuria
59
hormones secreted by adrenal cortex such as cortisol and aldosterone
corticosteroid
60
medical specialist who treats endocrine
endocrinologist
61
excessive thirst
polydipsia
62
pertaining to female
estrogenic
63
to form sugar / a form of sugar
glucagon
64
excessive sugar
hyperglycemia
65
pertaining to blood sugar
glycemic
66
storage form of glucose
glycogen
67
tendency of an organism to return to a state of stability
homeostasis
68
pertaining to hormones
hormonal
69
low levels of potassium
hypokalemia
70
promotes milk production; hormone secreted by pituitary
prolactin
71
decreased thyroid gland secretion
myxedema
72
low levels of sodium in the body
hyponatremia
73
removal of the pituitary gland
hypophysectomy
74
growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland
somatotropin
75
complex natural chemical, like a hormone
steroid
76
hormone that stimulates contractions
oxytocin
77
hyperthyroidism
thyrotoxicosis
78
decreases urine loss / posterior pituitary hormone that affects the kidneys and reduces water loss
antidiuretic hormone
79
releases sugar when broken down
glucagon
80
low blood sugar
hypoglycemia
81
adrenaline secreted by kidney
epinephrine
82
ACTH- STIMULATES ADRENAL CORTEX
ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN
83
sugar in the urine
glycosuria
84
normal thyroid
euthyroid
85
high levels of potassium
hyperkalemia, seen in acute renal failure, massive trauma and major burns
86
deficient insulin production
hypoinsulinism
87
stimulates contractions
oxytocin
88
deficiency of many/all pituitary gland hormones
panhypopituitarism
89
excessive urination
polyuria
90
increases body's metabolism
thyroxin / T4 / tetraiodothyronine
91
stimulates metabolism
triiodothyronine / T3

MBC (38 decks)

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