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MBC > CH 18 ENDOCRINE DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 18 ENDOCRINE DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

outer section (cortex) of each adrenal gland; secretes cortisol, aldosterone, and sex hormones

A

adrenal cortex

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2
Q

inner section (medulla) of each adrenal gland; secretes epinephrine and norepinephrin

A

adrenal medulla

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3
Q

located in the lower abdomen of a female; responsible for egg production and estrogen and progesterone secretion

A

ovaries

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4
Q

located behind the stomach. islet cells (islet of langerhans) secrete hormones from this organ. also contains cells that are exocrine in function , they secrete enzymes via a duct into the small intestine to aid digestion

A

pancreas

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5
Q

located at the base of the brain in the sella turcica; composed of an anterior lobe (adenohypophysis) and a posterior lobe (neurohypophysis)

A

pituitary gland / hypophysis

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6
Q

two glands enclosed in the scrotal sac of a male; responsible for sperm production and testosterone secretion

A

testes

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7
Q

secreted by the adrenal medulla, increases heart rate and blood pressure

A

adrenaline / epinephrine

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8
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates the adrenal cortex

A

adrenocorticotropin ACTH

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9
Q

secreted by adrenal cortex; increases salt reabsorption

A

aldosterone

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10
Q

male hormone secreted by the testes and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; testosterone is an example

A

androgen

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11
Q

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland, increases reabsorption of water by the kidneys

A

antidiuretic hormone ADH (vasopressin)

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12
Q

secreted by the thyroid gland; decreases blood calcium levels

A

calcitonin

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13
Q

secreted by the adrenal cortex; increases blood sugar. it is secreted in times of stress and has an anti-inflammatory effect

A

cortisol

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14
Q

secreted by the adrenal medulla; increases heart rate and blood pressure and dilates airways (sympathomimetic), it is part of the body’s flgiht or flight reaction

A

epinephrine / adrenaline

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15
Q

estrogen secreted by the ovaries

A

estradiol

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16
Q

female hormones secreted by the ovaries and to a lesser extent by the adrenal cortex; examples are estradiol and estrone

A

estrogen

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17
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, stimulates hormone secretion and egg production by the ovaries and sperm production by the testes

A

follicle-stimulating hormone

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18
Q

secreted by alpha islet cells of the pancreas; increases blood sugar by conversion of glycogen to glucose

A

glucagon

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19
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates growth of bones and soft tissues

A

growth hormone / somatotropin

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20
Q

secreted by beta islet cells of the pancreas; helps glucose to pass into cells and it promotes the conversion of glucose to glycogen

A

insulin

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21
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; stimulates contraction of the uterus during childbirth

A

oxytocin

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22
Q

secreted by the parathyroid glands; increases blood calcium

A

parathormone

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23
Q

secreted by the ovaries; prepares the uterus for pregnancy

A

progesterone

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24
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; promotes milk secretion

A

prolactin

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25
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland; growth hormone

A

somatotropin

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26
Q

male hormone secreted by the testes

A

testosterone

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27
Q

secreted by the anterior lobe of the pituitary gland, acts on the thyroid gland to promote its functioning hint: not secreted by the thyroid gland

A

thyroid stimulating hormone / thyrotropin

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28
Q

secreted by the thyroid gland, also called tetraiodothyronine, increases metabolism in cells

A

thyroxine / T4

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29
Q

secreted by the thyroid gland; T3 increases metabolism in cells

A

triiodothyronine / T3

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30
Q

secreted by the posterior lobe of the pituitary gland; antidiuretic hormone; increases water reabsorption and raises blood pressure

A

vasopressin

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31
Q

hormones derived from an amino acid and secreted by the adrenal medulla

A

catecholamines

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32
Q

hormones produced by the adrenal cortex, examples are cortisol, aldosterone, and androgens and estrogens

A

corticosteroids

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33
Q

mineral salt found in the blood and tissues necessary for proper functioning of cells; potassium, sodium, and calcium are these

A

electrolytes

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34
Q

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex; regulates glucose, fat, and protein metabolism, cortisol raises blood sugar and is part of the stress response

A

glucocorticoid

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35
Q

tendancy of an organism to maintain a constant internal environment

A

homeostasis

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36
Q

chemical, secreted by an endocrine gland, that travels through the blood to a distant organ or gland where it influences the structure or function of that organ or gland

A

hormone

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37
Q

region of the brain lying below the thalamus and above the pituitary gland, it secretes releasing factors and hormones that affect the pituitary gland

A

hypothalamus

38
Q

steroid hormone secreted by the adrenal cortex to regulate mineral salts and water balance in the body, aldosterone is an example

A

mineralocorticoid

39
Q

cellular or nuclear protein that binds to a hormone so that a response can be elicited

A

receptor

40
Q

cavity at the base of the skull; contains the pituitary gland

A

sella turcica

41
Q

steroids (androgens and estrogens) produced by the adrenal cortex to influence male and female sexual characteristics

A

sex hormones

42
Q

complex substance related to fats and derived from a sterol, such as cholesterol, and of which many hormones are made,

A

steroid

43
Q

pertaining to mimicking or copying the effect of the sympathetic nervous system

A

sympathomimetic

44
Q

cells of an organ that are affected or stimulated by specific hormones

A

target tissue

45
Q

inflammation of adenoids

A

adenitis

46
Q

removal of the adrenaline gland

A

adrenalectomy

47
Q

hormone from pituitary stimulates gonads (sex glands)

A

gonadotropin

48
Q

deficient gonad function

A

hypogonadism

49
Q

removal of all or part of the pancreas

A

pancreatectomy

50
Q

removal of the parathyroid

A

parathyroidectomy

51
Q

deficient pituitary hormones

A

hypopituitarism - causes dwarfism

52
Q

thyroid stimulating hormone is a thyrotropic hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

A

thyrotropic hormone

53
Q

inflammation of the thyroid

A

thyroiditis

54
Q

hashimoto disease

A

autoimmune thyroiditis

55
Q

responsible for developing sex traits in males

A

androgen

56
Q

excessive calcium in blood

A

hypercalcemia

57
Q

deficient calcium in blood

A

hypocalcemia

58
Q

excessive calcium in urine

A

hypercalciuria

59
Q

hormones secreted by adrenal cortex such as cortisol and aldosterone

A

corticosteroid

60
Q

medical specialist who treats endocrine

A

endocrinologist

61
Q

excessive thirst

A

polydipsia

62
Q

pertaining to female

A

estrogenic

63
Q

to form sugar / a form of sugar

A

glucagon

64
Q

excessive sugar

A

hyperglycemia

65
Q

pertaining to blood sugar

A

glycemic

66
Q

storage form of glucose

A

glycogen

67
Q

tendency of an organism to return to a state of stability

A

homeostasis

68
Q

pertaining to hormones

A

hormonal

69
Q

low levels of potassium

A

hypokalemia

70
Q

promotes milk production; hormone secreted by pituitary

A

prolactin

71
Q

decreased thyroid gland secretion

A

myxedema

72
Q

low levels of sodium in the body

A

hyponatremia

73
Q

removal of the pituitary gland

A

hypophysectomy

74
Q

growth hormone secreted by the pituitary gland

A

somatotropin

75
Q

complex natural chemical, like a hormone

A

steroid

76
Q

hormone that stimulates contractions

A

oxytocin

77
Q

hyperthyroidism

A

thyrotoxicosis

78
Q

decreases urine loss / posterior pituitary hormone that affects the kidneys and reduces water loss

A

antidiuretic hormone

79
Q

releases sugar when broken down

A

glucagon

80
Q

low blood sugar

A

hypoglycemia

81
Q

adrenaline secreted by kidney

A

epinephrine

82
Q

ACTH- STIMULATES ADRENAL CORTEX

A

ADRENOCORTICOTROPIN

83
Q

sugar in the urine

A

glycosuria

84
Q

normal thyroid

A

euthyroid

85
Q

high levels of potassium

A

hyperkalemia, seen in acute renal failure, massive trauma and major burns

86
Q

deficient insulin production

A

hypoinsulinism

87
Q

stimulates contractions

A

oxytocin

88
Q

deficiency of many/all pituitary gland hormones

A

panhypopituitarism

89
Q

excessive urination

A

polyuria

90
Q

increases body’s metabolism

A

thyroxin / T4 / tetraiodothyronine

91
Q

stimulates metabolism

A

triiodothyronine / T3

MBC (38 decks)

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