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CH 15 BONES DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint

A

acetabulum

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2
Q

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. it overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

A

acromion

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3
Q

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

A

bone

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4
Q

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves. examples are fissure, foramen, fossa, and sinus

A

bone depression

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5
Q

enlarged area that extends from bones, covered in articular cartilage and serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. examples are bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity

A

bone process

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6
Q

one of the mineral constituents of bone. calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

A

calcium

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7
Q

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

A

cancellous bone

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8
Q

flexible connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces (articular cartilage)

A

cartilage

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9
Q

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues, such as ligaments tendons and skin

A

collagen

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10
Q

hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones

A

compact bone

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11
Q

skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

A

cranial bones

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12
Q

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

A

diaphysis

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13
Q

flat, round, plate-like structure, an intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae

A

disc

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14
Q

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

A

epiphyseal plate

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15
Q

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

A

epiphysis

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16
Q

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

A

facial bones

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17
Q

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infact

A

fontanelle

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18
Q

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

A

foramen magnum

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19
Q

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

A

haversian canals

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20
Q

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones. ligaments are bands, sheets, or strands located in and around joints

A

ligament

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21
Q

round process on both sides of the ankle joint. the lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia

A

malleolus

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22
Q

upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

A

manubrium

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23
Q

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

A

mastoid process

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24
Q

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

A

medullary cavity

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25
Q

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta = inbetween)

A

metaphysis

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26
Q

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

A

olecranon

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27
Q

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint and muscle conditions

A

orthopedist

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28
Q

bone tissue

A

osseous tissue

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29
Q

process of bone formation

A

ossification

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30
Q

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

A

osteoblast

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31
Q

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

A

osteoclast

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32
Q

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

A

periosteum

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33
Q

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

A

phosphorous

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34
Q

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

A

physiatrist

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35
Q

junction of two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis. they are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc

A

pubic symphysis (sym=together, -physis=togrow)

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36
Q

soft spongey cancellous tissue found in the interior of the flat bones, such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)

A

red bone marrow

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37
Q

twelve pairs of curved bones that form chest wall. true ribs are the first of 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12

A

ribs

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38
Q

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

A

sella turcica

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39
Q

hollow air cavity within a bone

A

sinus

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40
Q

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

A

styloid process

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41
Q

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

42
Q

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

A

temporomandibular joint

43
Q

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

44
Q

supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

A

trabeculae

45
Q

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord

46
Q

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

A

xiphoid process

47
Q

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

A

yellow bone marrow

48
Q

excessive calcium

A

hypercalcemia

49
Q

deficient calcium

A

decalcification

50
Q

increased posterior curvature of the spine

A

kyphosis (from greek meaning hill or mountain)- hump on the back- height reduced, may lead to pressure on the spine and nerves

51
Q

an operation performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. involves removal of the lamina and spinous process

A

laminectomy

52
Q

the normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated. the word lordosis is derived from greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion

53
Q

lower back of the spine

54
Q

lower back pain

55
Q

pertains to the lumbar and sacral portion of the spine

A

lumbosacral

56
Q

process of bone marrow formation

A

myelopoiesis

57
Q

doctor of bone disease

A

orthopedics

58
Q

bone inflammation

59
Q

bone becomes weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs

A

osteitis deformans aka pagets disease

60
Q

abnormal development of bone

A

osteodystrophy

61
Q

brittle bones

A

osteogenesis

62
Q

genetic disorder involving defective bone development. bones are brittle and fragile caused by abnormal collagen production, fractures occur with the slightest trauma

A

osteogenesis imperfecta

63
Q

the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls

64
Q

degeneration of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. symptoms are pain and restriction of movement.

A

spondylosis

65
Q

percutaneous vertebroplasty relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.

A

vertebroplasty

66
Q

this cell synthesizes collagen to form bone tissue- immature bone cell

A

osteoblast

67
Q

absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue, this cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue

A

osteoclast

68
Q

the forward slipping (sublaxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

A

spondylolisthesis (spon-dil-lo-lis-the-sis)

69
Q

a condition in which vitamin d deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children

A

osteomalacia

70
Q

each end of a long bone

71
Q

junction of the two pubic bones

A

pubic symphysis

72
Q

thin weak bones, decrease in density, loss of bony tissue with decreased mass of bone

A

osteoporosis

73
Q

instrument to cut bone, surgical chisel

74
Q

pertaining to acetabulum

A

acetabular

75
Q

pertaining to heel bone- the calcaneous is one of the tarsal/hindfoot bones

76
Q

pertaining to wrist bone

77
Q

above the clavical

A

supraclavical

78
Q

under the ribs

79
Q

cartilage that is attached to ribs

A

chondrocostal

80
Q

cut into the skull

A

craniotomy

81
Q

instrument to cut the skull

A

craniotome

82
Q

pertaining to the femur

83
Q

pertaining to the fibula

84
Q

pertaining to the humerus

85
Q

pertaining to the lilium

86
Q

pertaining to the ischium

87
Q

the medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula- pertaining to malleolus

88
Q

referring to mandible

A

mandibular

89
Q

referring to maxilla

90
Q

removal of metacarpals

A

metacarpectomy

91
Q

pain of the metatarsals

A

metatarsalgia

92
Q

pertaining to the olecranon

93
Q

pertaining to the patella

A

infrapatellar

94
Q

measurement of the pelvis

A

pelvimetry

95
Q

pertaining to the phalanges (fingers)

A

phalangeal

96
Q

pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis

97
Q

radial

A

pertaining to the radius

98
Q

pertaining to scapula

99
Q

pertaining to sternum

100
Q

removal of tarsals, bones of the mid and hind foot

A

tarsectomy

101
Q

pertaining to the tibia

102
Q

pertaining to the ulna, forearm bone

MBC (38 decks)

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