CH 15 BONES DEFINITIONS

Question 1

rounded depression, or socket, in the pelvis that joins the femur (thigh bone), forming the hip joint

Answer 1

acetabulum

Question 2

outward extension of the shoulder blade forming the point of the shoulder. it overlies the shoulder joint and articulates with the clavicle.

Answer 2

acromion

Question 3

dense, hard connective tissue composing the skeleton. examples are long bones (femur), short bones (carpals), flat bones (scapula), and sesamoid bones (patella).

Answer 3

bone

Question 4

opening or hollow region serving as a connection for bones, or as passageways for blood vessels and nerves. examples are fissure, foramen, fossa, and sinus

Answer 4

bone depression

Question 5

enlarged area that extends from bones, covered in articular cartilage and serves as an attachment for muscles, tendons, and ligaments. examples are bone head, condyle, epicondyle, trochanter, tubercle, and tuberosity

Answer 5

bone process

Question 6

one of the mineral constituents of bone. calcium phosphate is the major calcium salt in bones.

Answer 6

calcium

Question 7

spongy, porous, bone tissue in the inner part of a bone

Answer 7

cancellous bone

Question 8

flexible connective tissue; found in the immature skeleton, at the epiphyseal growth plate, and on joint surfaces (articular cartilage)

Answer 8

cartilage

Question 9

dense, connective tissue protein strands found in bone and other tissues, such as ligaments tendons and skin

Answer 9

collagen

Question 10

hard, dense bone tissue usually found around the outer portion of bones

Answer 10

compact bone

Question 11

skull bones; ethmoid, frontal, occipital, parietal, sphenoid, and temporal

Answer 11

cranial bones

Question 12

shaft, or mid-portion, of a long bone

Answer 12

diaphysis

Question 13

flat, round, plate-like structure, an intervertebral disc is a fibrocartilaginous structure between two vertebrae

Answer 13

disc

Question 14

cartilaginous area at the ends of long bones where lengthwise growth takes place in the immature skeleton

Answer 14

epiphyseal plate

Question 15

each end of a long bone; the area beyond the epiphyseal plate

Answer 15

epiphysis

Question 16

bones of the face; lacrimal, mandibular, maxillary, nasal, vomer, and zygomatic

Answer 16

facial bones

Question 17

soft spot (incomplete bone formation) between the skull bones of an infact

Answer 17

fontanelle

Question 18

opening of the occipital bone through which the spinal cord passes

Answer 18

foramen magnum

Question 19

minute spaces filled with blood vessels; found in compact bone

Answer 19

haversian canals

Question 20

fibrous connective tissue that binds bones to other bones. ligaments are bands, sheets, or strands located in and around joints

Answer 20

ligament

Question 21

round process on both sides of the ankle joint. the lateral malleolus is part of the fibula, and the medial malleolus is part of the tibia

Answer 21

malleolus

Question 22

upper portion of the sternum; joins with the clavicle to form the sternoclavicular joint

Answer 22

manubrium

Question 23

rounded projection on the temporal bone behind the ear

Answer 23

mastoid process

Question 24

central, hollowed-out area in the shaft of a long bone

Answer 24

medullary cavity

Question 25

flared portion of a long bone, between the diaphysis (shaft) and the epiphyseal plate (meta = inbetween)

Answer 25

metaphysis

Question 26

large process on the proximal end of the ulna at the elbow

Answer 26

olecranon

Question 27

medical doctor who specializes in bone, joint and muscle conditions

Answer 27

orthopedist

Question 28

bone tissue

Answer 28

osseous tissue

Question 29

process of bone formation

Answer 29

ossification

Question 30

bone cell that helps form bony tissue

Answer 30

osteoblast

Question 31

bone cell that absorbs and removes unwanted bony tissue

Answer 31

osteoclast

Question 32

membrane surrounding bones; rich in blood vessels and nerve tissue

Answer 32

periosteum

Question 33

mineral substance found in bones in combination with calcium

Answer 33

phosphorous

Question 34

medical doctor specializing in rehabilitation

Answer 34

physiatrist

Question 35

junction of two pubic bones in the anterior of the pelvis. they are joined by a fibrocartilaginous disc

Answer 35

pubic symphysis (sym=together, -physis=togrow)

Question 36

soft spongey cancellous tissue found in the interior of the flat bones, such as the hip and breast bone; site of hematopoiesis (formation of blood cells)

Answer 36

red bone marrow

Question 37

twelve pairs of curved bones that form chest wall. true ribs are the first of 7 pairs; false ribs are pairs 8 to 10; floating ribs are pairs 11 and 12

Answer 37

ribs

Question 38

depression in the sphenoid bone where the pituitary gland is located

Answer 38

sella turcica

Question 39

hollow air cavity within a bone

Answer 39

sinus

Question 40

pole-like process extending downward from the temporal bone on each side of the skull

Answer 40

styloid process

Question 41

immovable joint between bones, such as the skull (cranium)

Answer 41

suture

Question 42

connection on either side of the head between the temporal bone of the skull and mandibular bone of the jaw

Answer 42

temporomandibular joint

Question 43

fibrous connective tissue that binds muscles to bones

Answer 43

tendon

Question 44

supporting latticework of bony fibers in cancellous (spongy) bone

Answer 44

trabeculae

Question 45

individual segment of the spine composed of the vertebral body, vertebral arch, spinous process, transverse process, and lamina, enclosing the neural canal and spinal cord

Answer 45

vertebra

Question 46

lower, narrow portion of the sternum

Answer 46

xiphoid process

Question 47

fatty tissue found in the medullary cavity of most adult long bones

Answer 47

yellow bone marrow

Question 48

excessive calcium

Answer 48

hypercalcemia

Question 49

deficient calcium

Answer 49

decalcification

Question 50

increased posterior curvature of the spine

Answer 50

kyphosis (from greek meaning hill or mountain)- hump on the back- height reduced, may lead to pressure on the spine and nerves

Question 51

an operation performed to relieve the symptoms of compression of the spinal cord or spinal nerve roots. involves removal of the lamina and spinous process

Answer 51

laminectomy

Question 52

the normal anterior curvature of the lumbar spine becomes exaggerated. the word lordosis is derived from greek, describing a person leaning backward in a lordly fashion

Answer 52

lordosis

Question 53

lower back of the spine

Answer 53

lumbar

Question 54

lower back pain

Answer 54

lumbago

Question 55

pertains to the lumbar and sacral portion of the spine

Answer 55

lumbosacral

Question 56

process of bone marrow formation

Answer 56

myelopoiesis

Question 57

doctor of bone disease

Answer 57

orthopedics

Question 58

bone inflammation

Answer 58

osteitis

Question 59

bone becomes weak and painful, especially in the spine, skull, pelvis, and legs

Answer 59

osteitis deformans aka pagets disease

Question 60

abnormal development of bone

Answer 60

osteodystrophy

Question 61

brittle bones

Answer 61

osteogenesis

Question 62

genetic disorder involving defective bone development. bones are brittle and fragile caused by abnormal collagen production, fractures occur with the slightest trauma

Answer 62

osteogenesis imperfecta

Question 63

the spinal column is bent abnormally to the side. scoliosis is the most common spinal deformity in adolescent girls

Answer 63

scoliosis

Question 64

degeneration of the intervertebral discs and vertebrae in the cervical, thoracic, and lumbar regions. symptoms are pain and restriction of movement.

Answer 64

spondylosis

Question 65

percutaneous vertebroplasty relieves pain caused by compression fractures of the vertebrae. medical cement is used to fill in the cracks and strengthen bone.

Answer 65

vertebroplasty

Question 66

this cell synthesizes collagen to form bone tissue- immature bone cell

Answer 66

osteoblast

Question 67

absorbs and removes unwanted bone tissue, this cell breaks down bone to remove bone tissue

Answer 67

osteoclast

Question 68

the forward slipping (sublaxation) of a vertebra over a lower vertebra

Answer 68

spondylolisthesis (spon-dil-lo-lis-the-sis)

Question 69

a condition in which vitamin d deficiency leads to decalcification of bones; known as rickets in children

Answer 69

osteomalacia

Question 70

each end of a long bone

Answer 70

epiphysis

Question 71

junction of the two pubic bones

Answer 71

pubic symphysis

Question 72

thin weak bones, decrease in density, loss of bony tissue with decreased mass of bone

Answer 72

osteoporosis

Question 73

instrument to cut bone, surgical chisel

Answer 73

osteotome

Question 74

pertaining to acetabulum

Answer 74

acetabular

Question 75

pertaining to heel bone- the calcaneous is one of the tarsal/hindfoot bones

Answer 75

calcaneal

Question 76

pertaining to wrist bone

Answer 76

carpal

Question 77

above the clavical

Answer 77

supraclavical

Question 78

under the ribs

Answer 78

subcostal

Question 79

cartilage that is attached to ribs

Answer 79

chondrocostal

Question 80

cut into the skull

Answer 80

craniotomy

Question 81

instrument to cut the skull

Answer 81

craniotome

Question 82

pertaining to the femur

Answer 82

femoral

Question 83

pertaining to the fibula

Answer 83

fibular

Question 84

pertaining to the humerus

Answer 84

humeral

Question 85

pertaining to the lilium

Answer 85

iliac

Question 86

pertaining to the ischium

Answer 86

ischial

Question 87

the medial malleolus is at the distal end of the tibia, and the lateral malleolus is at the distal end of the fibula- pertaining to malleolus

Answer 87

malleolar

Question 88

referring to mandible

Answer 88

mandibular

Question 89

referring to maxilla

Answer 89

maxillary

Question 90

removal of metacarpals

Answer 90

metacarpectomy

Question 91

pain of the metatarsals

Answer 91

metatarsalgia

Question 92

pertaining to the olecranon

Answer 92

olecranal

Question 93

pertaining to the patella

Answer 93

infrapatellar

Question 94

measurement of the pelvis

Answer 94

pelvimetry

Question 95

pertaining to the phalanges (fingers)

Answer 95

phalangeal

Question 96

pertaining to the anterior part of the pelvis

Answer 96

pubic

Question 97

radial

Answer 97

pertaining to the radius

Question 98

pertaining to scapula

Answer 98

scapular

Question 99

pertaining to sternum

Answer 99

sternal

Question 100

removal of tarsals, bones of the mid and hind foot

Answer 100

tarsectomy

Question 101

pertaining to the tibia

Answer 101

tibial

Question 102

pertaining to the ulna, forearm bone

Answer 102

ulnar