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MBC > CH 14 LYMPH DEFINITIONS > Flashcards

CH 14 LYMPH DEFINITIONS Flashcards

1
Q

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them; humoral b cells and cell-mediated immunity t cells are examples

A

adaptive immunity

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2
Q

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

A

adenoids

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3
Q

protein produced by b cells to destroy antigens

A

antibody

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4
Q

substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response; most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bactera, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells

A

antigen

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5
Q

lymph nodes in the armpit/underarm

A

axillary nodes

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6
Q

b cell or b lymphocyte

A

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies, the B refers to the bone marrow, which is where b cells most often originate

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7
Q

t cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity

A

cell-mediated immunity

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8
Q

lymph nodes in the neck region

A

cervical nodes

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9
Q

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

A

complement system

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10
Q

proteins secreted by cytotoxic t cells to aid in antigen destruction

A

cytokines

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11
Q

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8+ T cell

A

cytotoxic t cell

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12
Q

antigen-presenting cell, shows T and B cells what to attack

A

dendritic cell

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13
Q

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells CD4+ T cell

A

helper T cell

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14
Q

b cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

A

humoral immunity

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15
Q

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organ. this includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. the word immunity comes from latin immunis, meaning exempt or protected from

A

immunity

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16
Q

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature b cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

A

immunoglobulins

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17
Q

use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat disease

A

immunotherapy

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18
Q

lymph nodes in the groin region

A

inguinal nodes

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19
Q

proteins (cytokines) secreted by t cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

A

interferons

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20
Q

proteins -cytokines- that stimulate the growth of b and t lymphocytes

A

interleukins

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21
Q

fluid in the spaces between cells, this fluid becomes lymph when it enters capillaries

A

interstitial fluid

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22
Q

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. latin lympha means clear spring water.

A

lymph

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23
Q

tiniest lymphatic vessels

A

lymph capillaries

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24
Q

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. tonsils and adenoids are other examples of lymphoid organs.

A

lymphoid organs

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25
Q

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells -lymphocytes and macrophages- that fight infection

A

lymph node

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26
Q

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

A

lymph vessel

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27
Q

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body; phago means to eat or swallow

A

macrophage

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28
Q

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity

A

mediastinal nodes

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29
Q

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

A

mesenteric nodes

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30
Q

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

A

monoclonal antibody

31
Q

protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. it is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.

A

natural immunity

32
Q

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

A

paraaortic nodes

33
Q

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies, it matures from B lymphocytes

A

plasma cell

34
Q

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. it empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

A

right lymphatic duct

35
Q

organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

A

spleen

36
Q

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. also called a Treg (T regulatory cell)

A

suppressor t cell

37
Q

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

A

t cell - t lymphocyte

38
Q

ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells

A

tolerance

39
Q

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body- head, neck, arm, chest; it empties lymph into large veins in the neck

A

thoracic duct

40
Q

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions t cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

A

thymus gland

41
Q

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

A

tonsils

42
Q

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

A

toxin

43
Q

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response which will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection; the term comes from the latin vacca, cow; the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox

A

vaccination

44
Q

weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies which results in adaptive immunity

A

vaccine

45
Q

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction; a type of antigen

A

allergen

46
Q

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

A

anaphylaxis

47
Q

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition; from greek atopia, meaning strangeness

A

atopy

48
Q

helper t cells that carry the cd4 protein antigen on their surface. hiv binds to cd4 and infects and kills t cells bearing this protein. aids patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells

A

CD4+ cells

49
Q

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in speel and lymph nodes; reed-sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis

A

hodgkin lymphoma

50
Q

virus/retrovirus that causes AIDS. retroviruses are a class of viruses that have RNA, instead of DNA, as their genetic material

A

human immunodeficiency virus HIV

51
Q

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules. kaposi sarcoma is caused by a herpesvirus called human herpesvirus 8.

A

kaposi sarcoma

52
Q

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.

A

non-Hodgins lymphoma

53
Q

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because hiv infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

A

opportunistic infections

54
Q

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of prtease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV. other anti-retroviral drugs are entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors

A

protease inhibitor

55
Q

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reserve transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

A

reverse transcriptase inhibitor RTI

56
Q

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity; associated with AIDS

A

wasting syndrome

57
Q

immune system attacks the body

A

autoimmune disease- chronic, disabling diseases caused by the abnormal production of antibodies against normal body tissue. immunosuppresses are effective as treatment.

58
Q

protein with antibody activity

A

immuniglobulin

59
Q

low immune response

A

immunosuppression

60
Q

formation of lymphocytes

A

lymphopoeisis

61
Q

obstruction or backflow of lymph

A

lymphadema- interstitial fluid collects within spaces between cells as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels and nodes

62
Q

deficiency of lymphocytes

A

lymphocytopenia

63
Q

increase in amount of lymphocytes

A

lymphocytosis

64
Q

gives rise to lymphocytes- the tissue in which they develop

A

lymphoid

65
Q

disease of lymph nodes

A

lymphadenopathy

66
Q

inflammation of lymph nodes

A

lymphadenitis

67
Q

removal of spleen

A

splenectomy

68
Q

absence of spleen

A

asplenia

69
Q

syndrome marked by splenomegaly and often associated with blood cell destruction, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

A

hypersplenism

70
Q

removal of thymus

A

thymectomy

71
Q

poisonous or harmful substance

A

toxic

72
Q

hypersensitivity

A

anaphylaxis- phylaxis means protection- can be life threatening

73
Q

interstitial fluid

A

fluid in the spaces between the cells that becomes lymph when it enters lymphatic ducts

MBC (38 decks)

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