CH 14 LYMPH DEFINITIONS

Question 1

the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them; humoral b cells and cell-mediated immunity t cells are examples

Answer 1

adaptive immunity

Question 2

mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx

Answer 2

adenoids

Question 3

protein produced by b cells to destroy antigens

Answer 3

antibody

Question 4

substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response; most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bactera, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells

Answer 4

antigen

Question 5

lymph nodes in the armpit/underarm

Answer 5

axillary nodes

Question 6

b cell or b lymphocyte

Answer 6

lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies, the B refers to the bone marrow, which is where b cells most often originate

Question 7

t cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity

Answer 7

cell-mediated immunity

Question 8

lymph nodes in the neck region

Answer 8

cervical nodes

Question 9

set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target

Answer 9

complement system

Question 10

proteins secreted by cytotoxic t cells to aid in antigen destruction

Answer 10

cytokines

Question 11

lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8+ T cell

Answer 11

cytotoxic t cell

Question 12

antigen-presenting cell, shows T and B cells what to attack

Answer 12

dendritic cell

Question 13

lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells CD4+ T cell

Answer 13

helper T cell

Question 14

b cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity

Answer 14

humoral immunity

Question 15

body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organ. this includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. the word immunity comes from latin immunis, meaning exempt or protected from

Answer 15

immunity

Question 16

antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature b cells) in response to the presence of an antigen

Answer 16

immunoglobulins

Question 17

use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat disease

Answer 17

immunotherapy

Question 18

lymph nodes in the groin region

Answer 18

inguinal nodes

Question 19

proteins (cytokines) secreted by t cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response

Answer 19

interferons

Question 20

proteins -cytokines- that stimulate the growth of b and t lymphocytes

Answer 20

interleukins

Question 21

fluid in the spaces between cells, this fluid becomes lymph when it enters capillaries

Answer 21

interstitial fluid

Question 22

thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. latin lympha means clear spring water.

Answer 22

lymph

Question 23

tiniest lymphatic vessels

Answer 23

lymph capillaries

Question 24

lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. tonsils and adenoids are other examples of lymphoid organs.

Answer 24

lymphoid organs

Question 25

collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells -lymphocytes and macrophages- that fight infection

Answer 25

lymph node

Question 26

carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest

Answer 26

lymph vessel

Question 27

large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body; phago means to eat or swallow

Answer 27

macrophage

Question 28

lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity

Answer 28

mediastinal nodes

Question 29

lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)

Answer 29

mesenteric nodes

Question 30

antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy

Answer 30

monoclonal antibody

Question 31

protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. it is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.

Answer 31

natural immunity

Question 32

lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body

Answer 32

paraaortic nodes

Question 33

lymphocyte that secretes antibodies, it matures from B lymphocytes

Answer 33

plasma cell

Question 34

lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. it empties lymph into a large vein in the neck

Answer 34

right lymphatic duct

Question 35

organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood

Answer 35

spleen

Question 36

lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. also called a Treg (T regulatory cell)

Answer 36

suppressor t cell

Question 37

lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens

Answer 37

t cell - t lymphocyte

Question 38

ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body's own antigens as "self" or friendly. once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body's own cells

Answer 38

tolerance

Question 39

large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body- head, neck, arm, chest; it empties lymph into large veins in the neck

Answer 39

thoracic duct

Question 40

lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions t cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response

Answer 40

thymus gland

Question 41

masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx

Answer 41

tonsils

Question 42

poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants

Answer 42

toxin

Question 43

exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response which will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection; the term comes from the latin vacca, cow; the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox

Answer 43

vaccination

Question 44

weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies which results in adaptive immunity

Answer 44

vaccine

Question 45

substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction; a type of antigen

Answer 45

allergen

Question 46

exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance

Answer 46

anaphylaxis

Question 47

hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition; from greek atopia, meaning strangeness

Answer 47

atopy

Question 48

helper t cells that carry the cd4 protein antigen on their surface. hiv binds to cd4 and infects and kills t cells bearing this protein. aids patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells

Answer 48

CD4+ cells

Question 49

malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in speel and lymph nodes; reed-sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis

Answer 49

hodgkin lymphoma

Question 50

virus/retrovirus that causes AIDS. retroviruses are a class of viruses that have RNA, instead of DNA, as their genetic material

Answer 50

human immunodeficiency virus HIV

Question 51

malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules. kaposi sarcoma is caused by a herpesvirus called human herpesvirus 8.

Answer 51

kaposi sarcoma

Question 52

group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.

Answer 52

non-Hodgins lymphoma

Question 53

infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because hiv infection lowers the body's resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained

Answer 53

opportunistic infections

Question 54

drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of prtease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV. other anti-retroviral drugs are entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors

Answer 54

protease inhibitor

Question 55

drug that treats AIDS by blocking reserve transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV

Answer 55

reverse transcriptase inhibitor RTI

Question 56

weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity; associated with AIDS

Answer 56

wasting syndrome

Question 57

immune system attacks the body

Answer 57

autoimmune disease- chronic, disabling diseases caused by the abnormal production of antibodies against normal body tissue. immunosuppresses are effective as treatment.

Question 58

protein with antibody activity

Answer 58

immuniglobulin

Question 59

low immune response

Answer 59

immunosuppression

Question 60

formation of lymphocytes

Answer 60

lymphopoeisis

Question 61

obstruction or backflow of lymph

Answer 61

lymphadema- interstitial fluid collects within spaces between cells as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels and nodes

Question 62

deficiency of lymphocytes

Answer 62

lymphocytopenia

Question 63

increase in amount of lymphocytes

Answer 63

lymphocytosis

Question 64

gives rise to lymphocytes- the tissue in which they develop

Answer 64

lymphoid

Question 65

disease of lymph nodes

Answer 65

lymphadenopathy

Question 66

inflammation of lymph nodes

Answer 66

lymphadenitis

Question 67

removal of spleen

Answer 67

splenectomy

Question 68

absence of spleen

Answer 68

asplenia

Question 69

syndrome marked by splenomegaly and often associated with blood cell destruction, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia

Answer 69

hypersplenism

Question 70

removal of thymus

Answer 70

thymectomy

Question 71

poisonous or harmful substance

Answer 71

toxic

Question 72

hypersensitivity

Answer 72

anaphylaxis- phylaxis means protection- can be life threatening

Question 73

interstitial fluid

Answer 73

fluid in the spaces between the cells that becomes lymph when it enters lymphatic ducts