CH 14 LYMPH DEFINITIONS Flashcards
the ability to recognize and remember specific antigens and mount an attack on them; humoral b cells and cell-mediated immunity t cells are examples
adaptive immunity
mass of lymphatic tissue in the nasopharynx
adenoids
protein produced by b cells to destroy antigens
antibody
substance that the body recognizes as foreign; evokes an immune response; most antigens are proteins or protein fragments found on the surface of bactera, viruses, or organ transplant tissue cells
antigen
lymph nodes in the armpit/underarm
axillary nodes
b cell or b lymphocyte
lymphocyte that matures into a plasma cell to secrete antibodies, the B refers to the bone marrow, which is where b cells most often originate
t cells (cytotoxic, helper and suppressor) respond to antigens and destroy them; a type of adaptive immunity
cell-mediated immunity
lymph nodes in the neck region
cervical nodes
set of proteins in the blood that help antibodies kill their target
complement system
proteins secreted by cytotoxic t cells to aid in antigen destruction
cytokines
lymphocyte that directly kills antigens; called CD8+ T cell
cytotoxic t cell
antigen-presenting cell, shows T and B cells what to attack
dendritic cell
lymphocyte that aids B cells and stimulates T cells CD4+ T cell
helper T cell
b cells produce antibodies after exposure to specific antigens; type of adaptive immunity
humoral immunity
body’s ability to resist foreign organisms and toxins that damage tissues and organ. this includes natural immunity and adaptive immunity. the word immunity comes from latin immunis, meaning exempt or protected from
immunity
antibodies such as IgA, IgE, IgG, IgM, and IgD; secreted by plasma cells (mature b cells) in response to the presence of an antigen
immunoglobulins
use of immune cells, antibodies or vaccines to treat disease
immunotherapy
lymph nodes in the groin region
inguinal nodes
proteins (cytokines) secreted by t cells and other cells to aid and regulate the immune response
interferons
proteins -cytokines- that stimulate the growth of b and t lymphocytes
interleukins
fluid in the spaces between cells, this fluid becomes lymph when it enters capillaries
interstitial fluid
thin, watery fluid found within lymphatic vessels and collected from tissues throughout the body. latin lympha means clear spring water.
lymph
tiniest lymphatic vessels
lymph capillaries
lymph nodes, spleen, and thymus gland. tonsils and adenoids are other examples of lymphoid organs.
lymphoid organs
collection of stationary solid lymphatic tissue along lymph vessels; contains cells -lymphocytes and macrophages- that fight infection
lymph node
carrier of lymph throughout the body; lymphatic vessels empty lymph into veins in the upper part of the chest
lymph vessel
large phagocyte found in lymph nodes and other tissues of the body; phago means to eat or swallow
macrophage
lymph nodes in the area between the lungs in the chest cavity
mediastinal nodes
lymph nodes in the mesentery (intestinal region)
mesenteric nodes
antibody produced in a laboratory to attack antigens and to destroy cells; useful in immunotherapy
monoclonal antibody
protection that an individual is born with to fight infection such as neutrophils, monocytes, macrophages, and NK cells. it is not antigen specific and does not elicit memory.
natural immunity
lymph nodes near the aorta in the lumbar (waist) area of the body
paraaortic nodes
lymphocyte that secretes antibodies, it matures from B lymphocytes
plasma cell
lymphatic vessel in the chest that drains lymph from the upper right part of the body. it empties lymph into a large vein in the neck
right lymphatic duct
organ in the LUQ of the abdomen that destroys worn-out red blood cells, activates lymphocytes, and stores blood
spleen
lymphocyte that inhibits the activity of B and T cells. also called a Treg (T regulatory cell)
suppressor t cell
lymphocyte that acts directly on antigens to destroy them or produce chemicals (cytokines) such as interferons and interleukins that are toxic to antigens
t cell - t lymphocyte
ability of T lymphocytes to recognize and accept the body’s own antigens as “self” or friendly. once tolerance is established, the immune system will not react against the body’s own cells
tolerance
large lymphatic vessel that drains lymph from the lower and left side of the body- head, neck, arm, chest; it empties lymph into large veins in the neck
thoracic duct
lymphoid organ in the mediastinum that conditions t cells to react to foreign cells and aids in the immune response
thymus gland
masses of lymphatic tissue in the back of the oropharynx
tonsils
poison; a protein produced by certain bacteria, animals, or plants
toxin
exposure of an individual to a foreign protein (antigen) that provokes an immune response which will destroy any cell that possesses the antigen on its surface and will protect against infection; the term comes from the latin vacca, cow; the first inoculations were given with organisms that caused the disease cowpox to produce immunity to smallpox
vaccination
weakened or dead antigen is given to induce production of antibodies which results in adaptive immunity
vaccine
substance capable of causing a specific hypersensitivity reaction; a type of antigen
allergen
exaggerated or unusual hypersensitivity to foreign protein or other substance
anaphylaxis
hypersensitive or allergic state involving an inherited predisposition; from greek atopia, meaning strangeness
atopy
helper t cells that carry the cd4 protein antigen on their surface. hiv binds to cd4 and infects and kills t cells bearing this protein. aids patients have an inadequate number of CD4+ cells
CD4+ cells
malignant tumor of lymphoid tissue in speel and lymph nodes; reed-sternberg cells are often found on microscopic analysis
hodgkin lymphoma
virus/retrovirus that causes AIDS. retroviruses are a class of viruses that have RNA, instead of DNA, as their genetic material
human immunodeficiency virus HIV
malignant lesion associated with AIDS; arises from the lining of capillaries and appears as red, purple, brown, or black skin nodules. kaposi sarcoma is caused by a herpesvirus called human herpesvirus 8.
kaposi sarcoma
group of malignant tumors involving lymphoid tissue. examples are follicular lymphoma and large cell lymphoma.
non-Hodgins lymphoma
infectious diseases associated with AIDS; they occur because hiv infection lowers the body’s resistance and allows infection by bacteria and parasites that normally are easily contained
opportunistic infections
drug that treats AIDS by blocking the production of prtease, a proteolytic enzyme that helps create new viral pieces for HIV. other anti-retroviral drugs are entry inhibitors and integrase inhibitors
protease inhibitor
drug that treats AIDS by blocking reserve transcriptase, an enzyme needed to make copies of HIV
reverse transcriptase inhibitor RTI
weight loss, decrease in muscular strength, appetite and mental activity; associated with AIDS
wasting syndrome
immune system attacks the body
autoimmune disease- chronic, disabling diseases caused by the abnormal production of antibodies against normal body tissue. immunosuppresses are effective as treatment.
protein with antibody activity
immuniglobulin
low immune response
immunosuppression
formation of lymphocytes
lymphopoeisis
obstruction or backflow of lymph
lymphadema- interstitial fluid collects within spaces between cells as a result of obstruction of lymphatic vessels and nodes
deficiency of lymphocytes
lymphocytopenia
increase in amount of lymphocytes
lymphocytosis
gives rise to lymphocytes- the tissue in which they develop
lymphoid
disease of lymph nodes
lymphadenopathy
inflammation of lymph nodes
lymphadenitis
removal of spleen
splenectomy
absence of spleen
asplenia
syndrome marked by splenomegaly and often associated with blood cell destruction, anemia, leukopenia, and thrombocytopenia
hypersplenism
removal of thymus
thymectomy
poisonous or harmful substance
toxic
hypersensitivity
anaphylaxis- phylaxis means protection- can be life threatening
interstitial fluid
fluid in the spaces between the cells that becomes lymph when it enters lymphatic ducts
